Status of vitamin-D in relation to glycemic indices and lipid profile in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case controlled study in Riyadh, KSA

Abstract

Abnormal vitamin D level and glucose homeostasis are two most chronic medical conditions leading to cardiovascular disease following menopause transition in females. Low levels of vitamin D could be associated with elevated risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare vitamin D status in relation to glycemic indices, metabolic parameters between pre and postmenopausal women with T2DM. Levels of fasting blood glucose, HbA1C, lipid profile and vitamin D were measured in pre and postmenopausal T2DM women and analysed by SPSS software. Levels of HbA1C, FBG, TC, Tg, LDL-C and obesity parameters like BMI and visceral fat increased significantly (p<0.001) whereas serum levels of HDL-C and vitamin D decreased significantly in postmenopausal T2DM women compared to premenopausal group. Vitamin D was negatively correlated with age, HbA1C, LDL-C at p<0.05. Decreased levels of vitamin D exhibited strong negative correlation with metabolic or obesity factors like BMI and waist circumference. The present investigation unravels the relationship between vitamin D and cholesterol and it was found that HDL-C although decreased with menopause, there was no significant association between HDL-C and decreased vitamin D in postmenopausal T2DM females. Results from this study suggests that hypovitaminosis D accompanied with dyslipidimia, increased BMI and obesity increases the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in postmenopausal women with T2DM.