Status of Sea Urchin Resources in the East Coast of Borneo

Siti Akmar Khadijah Ab Rahim,Raymie Nurhasan

doi:10.1155/2016/6393902

Abstract

Sea urchins are marine benthos that live in different habitats available at shallow and deep waters. In Malaysia, Sabah is the only state that exploits sea urchins without knowing the status of natural stocks. This study identified the sea urchin species diversity at shallow subtidal zones in east coast of Borneo which is part of the Coral Triangle. Belt transects were deployed to quantify the species composition and qualitative observations on the habitat types were also noted. Simultaneously, documentation of species available in several wet markets was gathered through impromptu conversation with the sellers. In this study, a total of 10 species of sea urchin were recorded from 18 sampling sites, namely, Phyllacanthus imperialis, Diadema setosum, D. savignyi, Echinothrix calamaris, Mespilia globulus, Salmacis sphaeroides, Echinometra mathaei, Pseudoboletia maculata, Toxopneustes pileolus, and Tripneustes gratilla. The most dominant one that showed a wide distribution was D. setosum. Three species are new records for Malaysia. Among the study sites, Semporna district showed the highest species number. Our findings illustrate that shallow waters on the eastern part of Borneo support high diversity of sea urchin resources. Future study should explore the sea urchin diversity at deeper waters and also on the west coast of Sabah.

Highlights

IntroductionSea urchins (local name: Landak Laut, Tayum, Tehe-tehe) are one type of benthos (phylum Echinodermata, class Echinoidea) which has spherical shape and is covered with long movable spines that live in different marine habitats, from intertidal [1] to deep-sea [2, 3] environments
Sea urchins are one type of benthos which has spherical shape and is covered with long movable spines that live in different marine habitats, from intertidal [1] to deep-sea [2, 3] environments
Based on the spine morphology, these sea urchins can be divided into three categories: (i) pencil sea urchin that has very thick and blunt spines (P. imperialis), (ii) long-spined sea urchin which has needle like spines and very brittle (D. setosum, D. savignyi, and E. calamaris), and (iii) short-spine sea urchin (M. globulus, S. sphaeroides, E. mathaei, P. maculata, T. pileolus, and T. gratilla)

Summary

Introduction

Sea urchins (local name: Landak Laut, Tayum, Tehe-tehe) are one type of benthos (phylum Echinodermata, class Echinoidea) which has spherical shape and is covered with long movable spines that live in different marine habitats, from intertidal [1] to deep-sea [2, 3] environments. Habitats of sea urchins include the coral reef areas and rocky shores covered with seaweed [5, 6] and their colour varies among species such as brown, black, purple, green, white, or red. They act as important grazers in the marine environment due to their habit of eating seaweeds and scraping the benthic microalgae; they play a major role in controlling vegetation growth in the sea [7]. In Malaysia, sea urchins are being recorded in brief during coral reef monitoring as indicator species for invertebrates category [10,11,12], while detail information on the biodiversity and ecology is very limited [13, 14]

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