Abstract
Electric vehicles (EV) are becoming more common mobility in the transportation sector in recent times. The dependence on oil as the source of energy for passenger vehicles has economic and political implications, and the crisis will take over as the oil reserves of the world diminish. As concerns of oil depletion and security of the oil supply remain as severe as ever, and faced with the consequences of climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions from the tail pipes of vehicles, the world today is increasingly looking at alternatives to traditional road transport technologies. EVs are seen as a promising green technology which could lead to the decarbonization of the passenger vehicle fleet and to independence from oil. There are possibilities of immense environmental benefits as well, as EVs have zero tail pipe emission and therefore are capable of curbing the pollution problems created by vehicle emission in an efficient way so they can extensively reduce the greenhouse gas emissions produced by the transportation sector as pure electric vehicles are the only vehicles with zero-emission potential. However, there are some major barriers for EVs to overcome before totally replacing ICE vehicles in the transportation sector and obtain appreciable market penetration. This review evaluates the technological aspects of the different power train systems of BEV technology and highlights those technological areas where important progress is expected by focusing on reviewing all the useful information and data available on EV architecture, electrical machines, optimization techniques, and its possibilities of future developments as green mobility. The challenges of different electric drive trains’ commercialization are discussed. The major objective is to provide an overall view of the current pure electric vehicle powertrain technology and possibilities of future green vehicle development to assist in future research in this sector.
Highlights
An electric vehicle (EV) is a road vehicle which involves motion with electric propulsion
Passenger vehicles constitute an integral part of our daily life, but due to tail pipe emission of conventional internal combustion vehicles (ICEVs), these vehicles generate urban air pollution causing greenhouse gas effect which leads to global warming [1,2]
The purpose of this paper is to focus on the power train system and subsystems of EV
Summary
An electric vehicle (EV) is a road vehicle which involves motion with electric propulsion. The electric vehicle utilized the features of traction provided by an electric motor consuming the portable and electro chemical energy source. The electrochemical energy conversion linkage system between the vehicle energy source and the wheels is the powertrain of the vehicle. The powertrain of an electric vehicle has electrical as well as mechanical linkage. Air quality around the globe has been found to be deteriorating and the emissions from the vehicles have been one of the main sources. The increase in vehicular emissions is because of growing population, urbanization, and socio-economic development and the resulting usage of vehicles [3,4]
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