Status and preventive and curative measures in fish farming in the Western region of Ukraine

Abstract

An assessment of the epizootic state and the main technological processes with the analysis of hydrochemical and hydrobiological indicators, a clinical examination, and a complete parasitological and pathological examination of carp fish in several fish farms in the Western regions of Ukraine during 2017–2022, was carried out. The analysis of farms in the region showed that carp farming is carried out with significant violations of fish farming requirements and technological norms regarding feeding, feed components, and nutrition. In many farms, reclamation measures and pond fertilization are not carried out, resulting in low fish productivity and increased organic pollution. As a result, the water environment's hydrochemical and hydrobiological indicators are disturbed, with them the veterinary and sanitary state of water bodies, which causes the emergence of infectious and invasive diseases. As a result, there are periodic outbreaks of diseases dangerous for fish, the main of which are the previously known infectious diseases: carp pox, gill necrosis, aeromonosis; fish mycoses: branchiomycosis, saprolegniosis, invasive diseases: ichthyobodosis (costiosis), trypanosomosis, coccidiosis, chylodonellosis, trichodinosis, ichthyophthiriosis, dactylogirosis, hyrodactylosis, diplostomosis, sanguinecolosis, philometroidosis, botryocephalosis, caviosis, caryophyllosis, synergasillosis, lerneosis, argulosis and many others. The mentioned diseases significantly reduce fish productivity and cause the death of fish in fish farms. The unsatisfactory epizootic state and the occurrence of most diseases are associated with violations of the rules of biotechniques of fish farming, non-compliance with veterinary and sanitary requirements, and non-fulfillment of preventive and curative measures.