Abstract
In this paper, statistics of ice thickness and ice strength of first-year sea ice along the Northern Sea Route (NSR) is studied to provide useful information for the design and operation of Arctic ships. Specifically, ice thickness, ice strength and other physical parameters of the sea ice are estimated. Four representative sites are selected to study the ice environment and ice strength in different sea areas along the NSR during the ice growth season. Besides that, a good knowledge of the co-variation relationships between these ice parameters in a particular region would promote the estimation of ice loads acting on structures located in this region. In this work, a novel probabilistic model is introduced to describe the probability distribution of the ice flexural strength. The co-variation relationships between ice thickness and ice strength are quantified in terms of correlation coefficients. The influence of air temperature on ice properties is also investigated and discussed.
Highlights
In recent years, the Northern Sea Route (NSR) has received increased attention as a potential shortcut for connecting Europe and East Asia due to the reduction of ice cover and the increasing activities related to maritime transport and natural resources exploitation in the Arctic regions [1]
This paper studies the statistics of thickness, flexural strength and compressive strength for first-year level ice along the NSR
A scheme based on empirical formulas is proposed to investigate the correlation between different parameters of ice physical and mechanical properties at four representative sites along the NSR
Summary
The Northern Sea Route (NSR) has received increased attention as a potential shortcut for connecting Europe and East Asia due to the reduction of ice cover and the increasing activities related to maritime transport and natural resources exploitation in the Arctic regions [1]. The required parameters mainly include: level ice thickness, ice concentration, ice types (level ice, ice ridge, rubble field, iceberg) and ice age (first-year ice, multiyear ice) [3] For ice properties, both physical and mechanical properties of the sea ice should be considered. Journal of Marine Science and Technology (2021) 26:331–343 buckling and splitting These failure modes generally depend on the relative velocity between the ice feature and the structure, the shape of structure, ice stress distribution and the ice strength. The ice thickness can be estimated by applying the Stefan equation model [4, 8] when the air temperature records at a given site are available. 3. The estimation of the ice thickness and ice strength at four representative sites along the NSR are given in Sect.
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