Abstract
Statistical properties of surface waves and freak wave shapes in crossing sea states are systematically studied, and particularly a new index is proposed to measure the occurrence probability of extreme waves. The proposed new index is proven to be a more accurate indicator of freak wave occurrences in crossing sea states than the Benjamin-Feir index that has been widely applied for seas with single-peak spectra. Our work can shed light on the generation mechanism and negative impact of freak waves, and advance the development of warning systems for marine disasters.
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