Abstract
Crossing sea states, with two or more wave trains propagating at an oblique angle to each other, constitute a plausible generation mechanism of rogue waves in the oceans. This underlying principle of enhanced modulation instability is extended to layered and stratified fluids. Long wave-short wave resonance in a two-layer flow and three-wave interaction in a fluid with constant buoyancy frequency are studied. Maxima in the growth rates imply preferred configurations of crossing sea states. A cascading mechanism is employed to demonstrate the emergence of breathers beyond linear modulation instability.
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