Abstract

AbstractIn this investigation, analyses of pressure fluctuations during oil and gas pipeline operations are performed. The analyses are performed in a way to capture all the variables of pressure fluctuations and their magnitudes in terms of crack growth rate. It is found that pipeline spectra can be categorized into three main types: underload-dominant, mean load-dominant, and overload-dominant spectra, depending on their locations with respect to a compressor or pump station. The underload spectra—typical of pressure fluctuations at the discharging sites—are the most severe in terms of crack growth as these spectra are subjected to the highest pressure level and the largest magnitude and frequency of pressure fluctuations. The underload spectra are further analyzed in terms of loading and unloading frequency, maximum stress-intensity factor, stress-intensity factor range, numbers of minor cycles between two adjacent underloads, and their potential for crack growth. Special attention is paid to the diffe...

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