Abstract
The spring rate, stress and strain distributions of a mid-plane symmetric laminated circular ring under uniaxial loading are analysed using a simple strain energy approach. Theoretical analysis suggested that for a specially orthotropic mid-plane symmetric laminate the spring stiffness is linearly proportional to a spring parameter. The experimental strain distributions around the ring were found to agree in general with the theoretical predictions at various loadings. Several circular springs were fabricated from bi-directional E-glass fibre reinforced epoxy resin and were tested in static compression.
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