Abstract
Abstract Static and cyclic fatigue properties of two 2Y-TZP ceramics with average grain sizes of 0·2 and 1·6 μm were studied in bending tests. A large number of specimens with natural flaws were used for the measurement of the initial strength distribution and for the static and cyclic fatigue (stress ratios R = 0·2 and −1) tests at a single maximum stress level. From these experimental data the modified stress-life time (σ−tf) curve and the crack propagation relation ( d a d t −K I curve) can be calculated using both the fracture mechanics and the statistical approaches. It was found that the measured time to failure under cyclic loadings, especially with the stress ratio of −1, is much shorter than under static loadings. The crack growth relation for the natural flaws can be described by the power law function d a d t = AK I n . Fatigue crack velocities under cyclic loadings are much higher than those under static loading at the same stress intensity. A significant cyclic fatigue effect can be concluded for the 2Y-TZP materials. Besides this cyclic fatigue effect a strengthening effect was also found for the survivor specimens after static and cyclic loading which is believed to be due to a modification of the initial flaws during the long term fatigue loadings.
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