Abstract
The transformation and fatigue behaviour of five 2Y-TZPs with average grain sizes between 0.2 and 1.6 μm were studied in bending tests. A large number of specimens with processing flaws were used for the measurement of the initial strength and for static and cyclic fatigue tests (stress ratios R = 0.2 and −1) at a single maximum stress level. The fracture origins of specimens failed during the strength and fatigue tests have been systematically investigated by sem. From these experimental data the modified stress-time to failure ( f − t f), stp (stress-time to failure-probability of failure) and crack velocity curves can be evaluated using statistical approaches. The measured time to failure under cyclic loading, especially with the stress ratio of −1, is much shorter than under static loading at the same stress level. A significant cyclic fatigue effect can be concluded for the 2Y-TZP ceramics. Moreover, the environmental influence on the lifetime during cyclic tests was investigated. In addition to cyclic fatigue effect a strengthening effect was also found for the survivor specimens after static and cyclic loading. The experimental results are discussed in terms of stress-induced t-m transformation behaviour, flaw modifications, crack incubation and growth and their correlation to grain size, porosity and applied stress.
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