State-of-the-Art CFD Simulation: A Review of Techniques, Validation Methods, and Application Scenarios

Abstract

This review examines recent advancements in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation, focusing on state-of-the-art techniques, validation methods, and their application across various fields. CFD techniques, including Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS), Large Eddy Simulation (LES), Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS), and hybrid methods, are compared in terms of computational demands, accuracy, and suitability for different fluid flow scenarios. Effective validation methods such as wind tunnel testing, analytical solutions, and field measurements are highlighted to ensure simulation reliability and align models with experimental data. Additionally, this review explores application scenarios in aerospace, automotive, environmental, and biomedical engineering, discussing how each field adapts CFD techniques to optimize performance and ensure realistic simulation outcomes. The comparative analysis offers insights into the trade-offs between accuracy and computational cost. It underscores the need for careful technique selection and robust validation to enhance CFD's applicability in both research and industry. The review aims to guide practitioners in selecting the most appropriate CFD approaches for their specific engineering challenges.