State science, political sociology of state by Ibn Khaldun and reversal of Webber opinion

Abstract

State is one of first concepts of political sociology that has an independent entry in sources of 20th century. In modern era many political thinkers today have spoken about concept of state, and there has been astonishment chaos in definition of state but Weber's definition is a reference. He considered modern state to be one of specific concepts of European political thought, and despite his historical studies on Islam and administrative practice of Muslims in middle ages, his view on state and Islamic administration is inadequate. In his definition, state is aseto institutions, positions have exercised power over individuals and society, and this concept of state in Islamic civilization has advanced to beginning of Islam, and despite fact that his definition of state, which has exclusive right to exercise power only It is at disposal of state. This meaning was realized in case of Prophet's state because exclusive right to exercise power was placed in Prophet's monopoly, and feudal powers, clan, tribal groups, various institutions were subordinated to power of Prophet's state and his authority was been exercised over all social groups. For first time, word science of state has been used to understand state in Islamic civilization. It has special terms about state, and founders of Islamic philosophy, Farabi and Avicenna, explained Plato's and Aristotle's ideas about state with an Islamic color. In their combined view, relationship between civil society and state is considered.There is an obvious contradiction in Weber's view regarding understanding of modern state in modern western societies. While there are many evidences and documents about establishment of state by prophet. There are any special work in state from Al-Farabi to Ibn Khaldun, dozens of texts have been compiled to explain nature of state in Islamic civilization, developed and emergent two types of modern state, Somewhat almost approach to Ibn Khaldun division and opinion about state, Unstable and becoming and stable and still. He is turning point and end of progress of understanding of state in Islamic civilization and this concept of state in Islamic civilization has progressed to which is result of establishment of sociology of state by Ibn Khaldun six hundred years before first European positive and negative definitions of state. Ibn Khaldun's view on formation of state has a kind of convergence with Weber and Nozick's view on establishment of state.