State of the Russian Oncology Service: esophageal cancer. Population-based study at the federal district level. Part I. Morbidity and mortality rates, accuracy index, annual mortality

Abstract

Malignant neoplasms (MNO) of esophagus is the localization with a high mortality rate. Years of searching for effective treatment in Russia have resulted in modest success. The median survival rate of patients is expressed in months, 70% of patients die in the first year of dispensary registration, the levels of one-year mortality rates for men and women practically do not differ.
 The esophageal cancer (EC) morbidity and mortality rates have slightly decreased in 20002018 in Russia and has declined only among the male population of the Northwestern Federal District.
 To study the trends in the morbidity and mortality rates in the population of Russia and the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation. Qualitative analytical indicators, such as the accuracy index and the year-to-year mortality patterns in esophageal cancer patients, will be further considered.
 The highest standardized EC morbidity rates of the population were found in Zimbabwe (Harare, Africans) 15.5 0/0000, Japan (Miyage) 14.3 0/0000 and the Arkhangelsk region of Russia 12.8 0/0000. In 2000-2019 the level of standardized morbidity rates of the Russian population with EC has decreased from 3.44 to 3.19 0/0000 or 7.3% (both sexes), mortality rates from 3.32 to 2.66 0/0000, or 19.9%. A decrease in the morbidity and mortality rates from EC occurred in the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation, only among the male population.
 Annual EC mortality rate mainly occurs according to the classical model. The highest level is determined in the first year of follow-up (72-74%); by the end of the decade, only 4.1% of patients remain from those initially recorded.
 The accuracy index has decreased in Russia and in the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation, respectively, to 0.84 and 0.86 (both sexes) but has remained above the critical mark of 0.7 for localizations with a high mortality rate.