Abstract
Background. Esophageal cancer remains a major medical challenge since it belongs to the most aggressive malignant neoplasms, usually diagnosed at a late stage of the disease.
 Purpose – Studying the general patterns of time course of esophageal cancer epidemiological status in terms of morbidity and mortality among the adult population of Ukraine within the period from 2014 to 2019.
 Materials and Methods. General and standardized morbidity and mortality rates resulting from esophageal cancer from 2014 to 2019 throughout Ukraine and in terms of administrative territories per 100 thousand adult population have been researched along with calculating the growth rate. The study was carried out based on the data of National Cancer Registry of Ukraine.
 Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed by means of generally accepted statistical methods.
 Results and discussion. The all-Ukrainian incidence of esophageal cancer averaged 4.5 per 100 thousand population. Zhytomyr, Sumy and Chernihiv regions can be considered as the regions with the highest incidence of esophageal cancer. The lowest number of esophageal cancer cases was found in Chernivtsi and Odesa regions of Ukraine.
 Esophageal cancer mortality rates ranged slightly from 3.3 to 3.6 per 100 thousand population, but it reduced by 8.3% within six years. Monitoring changes of esophageal cancer mortality rate over time, in 2014 and 2019 in Ivano-Frankivsk, Mykolaiv and Rivne regions and in Kyiv it increased by more than 20%. A 30% reduction in mortality was observed in Kirovohrad, Odesa, Kharkiv and Zhytomyr regions. In 2019, Odessa and Kirovograd could be considered the regions with a low mortality rate showing 2.1 per 100 thousand population. In 2018, 88% of esophageal cancer cases were diagnosed in men and only 12% in women. The vast majority of cancer patients were aged 50 to 80 years. Mortality from esophageal cancer was significantly higher in men (91.2%) compared to women.
 Conclusions. The consistency of morbidity and mortality levels of esophageal cancer among the population of Ukraine during 2014-2019 has been established with insignificant regional disparities.
Highlights
Esophageal cancer as a medical challenge retains its relevance and complexity these days
General and standardized morbidity and mortality rates resulting from esophageal cancer from 2014 to 2019 throughout Ukraine and in terms of administrative territories per 100 thousand adult population have been researched along with calculating the growth rate
Esophageal cancer mortality rates ranged slightly from 3.3 to 3.6 per 100 thousand population, but it reduced by 8.3% within six years
Summary
Esophageal cancer as a medical challenge retains its relevance and complexity these days. Рак стравоходу асоційований з низьким показником п’ятирічного виживання, що становить від 15 до 25% [2, 3]. В ретроспективному когортному дослідженні 3613 пацієнтів з симптомами раку стравоходу показано, що при більш тривалому часі до встановлення діагнозу він не був пов’язаний з критеріями можливості радикального видалення пухлини (відношення шансів 0,997, 95%; довірчий інтервал (ДI) 0,994–1,001) та п’ятирічної загальної здатності до виживання (відношення ризиків (ВР) 0,999, 95%; ДІ 0,997–1,001) або п’ятирічного виживання без ознак захворювання (ВР 0,999; 95% ДІ 0,998–1,001) [6]. Esophageal cancer is associated with a low five-year survival rate of 15 to 25% [2, 3] This development results from untimely detection of malignant lesions of the esophagus, because they do not manifest themselves at the early stages or they have nonspecific dyspeptic symptoms.
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