Abstract
Acrylate chemistry has found widespread use in dual-curing systems over the years. Acrylates are cheap, easily handled and versatile monomers that can undergo facile chain-wise or step-wise polymerization reactions that are mostly of the “click” nature. Their dual-curing processes yield two distinct and temporally stable sets of material properties at each curing stage, thereby allowing process flexibility. The review begins with an introduction to acrylate-based click chemistries behind dual-curing systems and relevant reaction mechanisms. It then provides an overview of reaction combinations that can be encountered in these systems. It finishes with a survey of recent and breakthrough research in acrylate dual-curing materials for shape memory polymers, optical materials, photolithography, protective coatings, structured surface topologies, and holographic materials.
Highlights
A dual-curing process is defined as a combination of two curing reactions taking place simultaneously or sequentially [1]
Thiol–Michael reactions with acrylates and methacrylates have been be employed in dual curing formulations by choosing an adequate combination of catalysts: A conventional tertiary amine for the thiol–Michael addition to the acrylate in dark conditions and a photolatent base leading to the release of a stronger base for the thiol–Michael addition to the methacrylate [45]
Moy et al [72] used Michael addition of acetoacetates to multi-acrylate followed by photopolymerization of acrylates that were in excess in the initial mixture
Summary
A dual-curing process is defined as a combination of two curing reactions taking place simultaneously or sequentially [1]. The pre-polymer is produced in-situ during the firststage curing the initial mixture of low molecular weight monomers, rather than by mixing of larger polymeric stage of the initial mixture of low molecular weight monomers, rather than by mixing of larger components This is of great formulations are requiredare by required the application. The use of photolatent and thermally-latent catalysts, for base- or acid-catalysed reactions or radical polymerization reactions [17,18,19] can contribute to the design of efficient one-pot dual-curing formulations These formulations have good storage stability of the uncured system and stable intermediate properties. The intermediate and final properties of dual-curing materials strongly depend on the network structure at the end of each polymerization process.
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