State of humoral immunity in lactating sows and suckling piglets

Aleksey G Shakhov,Larisa Yu Sashnina,Mariya Yu Zheynes,Sergey V Shabunin,Yuliya Yu Vladimirova,E Renev,V Romanyuk,G Batalova,R Changzhong,Y Shavrokov

doi:10.1051/bioconf/20213606018

Abstract

The state of humoral immunity in lactating sows and its formation in suckling piglets in the conditions of a pig-breeding complex were studied. In sows after farrow, a high content of total immunoglobulins, the main classes of IgG, IgM and IgA, the concentration of which decreased in a day, followed by an increase in serum as lactation continued was detected in the serum and colostrum. In piglets at birth, the content of total immunoglobulins and the main Ig isotypes was insignificant, and at the age of twenty-four hours, as a result of absorption of colostral immunoglobulins in the small intestine, their amount in the serum was the highest, followed by a decrease in the concentration of IgG and IgA until the end of the suckling period, and IgM - up to day 14 with a further increase in its content, indicating the formation of a primary immune response. It has been detected that the dominant class of immunoglobulins in the serum and colostrum of sows and the serum of piglets is IgG, and in milk - IgA. An increase in the level of medium-dispersed circulating immune complexes (C4%) and their relation to giant (C3%) CICs was revealed, associated with an increase of the antigenic load in sows in the second half of lactation as a result of immunization, in milk - with a decrease in the content of the main classes of immunoglobulins, and in piglets, due to this, with a decrease in passive immunity.

Highlights

The viability of newborn piglets largely depends on the adequacy of intrauterine development and immune status
The humoral link of immunity was assessed by the content of total immunoglobulins, IgG, IgM and IgA, circulating immune complexes (CICs) in the colostrum and blood from the sows (n = 6) after farrow and in 1, 7, 14, 22 and 26 days, the blood of the piglets (n = 6) before drinking colostrum and at the specified time after birth on the basis of the Research Center of FSBSI “ARVRIPP&T”
On day 7, the content of total immunoglobulins was by 4.5% lower than the daily value, on days 14 and 22 it increased by 8.4 and 13.8% compared to the previous indicator, and on day 26 it decreased by 5.6%

Summary

Introduction

The viability of newborn piglets largely depends on the adequacy of intrauterine development and immune status. One of the most important functions of immunoglobulins (antibodies) is antigen binding and the formation of immune complexes, which should result in neutralization or elimination of the antigen [10]. CICs often play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease, and their long-term circulation in the organism correlates with the duration and severity of the pathological process. This is especially true for small and medium CICs, an increase in the blood level of which may indicate a predisposition to the development of immunopathological states [10,11,12]

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Conclusion