Abstract
Background and Aim:Thai pig farmers have suffered huge financial losses from porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) since 2007. PED, caused by the PED virus (PEDV), leads to severe diarrhea, vomiting, and subsequent dehydration in suckling piglets. Lactogenic immunity derived from colostrum and milk is very important because immunoglobulins (Ig) cannot cross the placenta in pregnant sows. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunological correlation of the sample-to-positive (S/P) ratios of IgA and IgG against PEDV between colostrum, sow serum, and their piglet serum.Materials and Methods:A total of 43 sows were divided into three groups according to the experience of PEDV infection: Negative sow group (n=7) and treatment group (n=36, sows previously infected with PEDV). The treatment group was subdivided into two groups: Sows immunized with live-attenuated PEDV vaccine (n=15) and sows immunized with feedback (n=21) at 3 weeks before farrowing. The 7-day-old piglets (n=425) were obtained from negative sows (n=89), vaccinated sows (n=150), and feedback sows (n=275). Colostrum, sow serum, and their piglet serum were collected and analyzed for S/P ratios of their IgA and IgG levels against PEDV using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:The piglets from sows immunized with live-attenuated PEDV vaccine had a higher S/P ratio of IgG against PEDV (p<0.001), whereas the piglets from the feedback group had a higher S/P ratio of IgA against PEDV (p<0.001) compared with piglets from the negative sows. In addition, the S/P ratios of PEDV-specific IgA and IgG between sow serum and colostrum showed a positive correlation (Pearson’s coefficient r=0.61 and 0.75, respectively). Both S/P ratios of PEDV-specific IgA and IgG in sow serum and colostrum had a positive correlation to those in piglet serum.Conclusion:Overall, this study suggested that pregnant sows immunized with the live-attenuated vaccine against PEDV and feedback may provide maternal immunity against PEDV to their offspring.
Highlights
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), an enteric disease, is caused by the porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) virus (PEDV)
Overall, this study suggested that pregnant sows immunized with the live-attenuated vaccine against PED virus (PEDV) and feedback may provide maternal immunity against PEDV to their offspring
Very low S/P ratios of both IgA and IgG against PEDV were detected in sow serum and colostrum of the negative group, whereas the immunized sows with feedback and vaccination showed higher S/P ratios of both PEDV-specific IgA and IgG compared to the negative group
Summary
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), an enteric disease, is caused by the PED virus (PEDV). PEDV infects all ages of pigs through a fecal-oral transmission with the most severe impact on suckling piglets with clinical signs of diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration associated with high mortality [3,4,5,6]. Sows and gilts infected with PEDV have shown reduced. Thai pig farmers have suffered huge financial losses from porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) since 2007. PED, caused by the PED virus (PEDV), leads to severe diarrhea, vomiting, and subsequent dehydration in suckling piglets. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunological correlation of the sampleto-positive (S/P) ratios of IgA and IgG against PEDV between colostrum, sow serum, and their piglet serum
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