Abstract
BackgroundThere are gaps in the research regarding the implementation and evidence of overall strategies for municipal health promotion addressing communities. The aim of this scoping review is to gain initial findings concerning theoretical models, approaches and evidence on strategies of municipal health promotion, which include self-care, mutual aid and healthy environments. The findings can enrich the development of health promotion services.MethodsA systematic scoping literature analysis was conducted in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, SAGE-Journals, Wiley-Online, ScienceDirect, LIVIVO and WiSo database as well as in a German project database. Evaluation studies and research reports on strategies in municipal health promotion were included and analysed qualitatively.ResultsAccording to our predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 hits were included. Capacity building, planning and the establishment of structures for health promotion were identified as theory-based models and approaches. None of the publications included showed clear evidence of the effects of municipal health promotion measures in terms of classically medically defined evidence.ConclusionsThe use of evidence-based theoretical models and approaches is no guarantee for the success of strategies for municipal health promotion. Challenges with regard to evidence are the execution of study designs corresponding to higher evidence classes and the isolation of effects of health promotion measures in complex environments.Trial registrationThis scoping review was not registered beforehand.
Highlights
There are gaps in the research regarding the implementation and evidence of overall strategies for municipal health promotion addressing communities
Epp [5] names self-care, mutual aid and healthy environments as three mechanisms that are inherent in health promotion
With regard to the theoretical models and approaches of municipal health promotion, the results of the literature and database research show a diverse implementation of strategies and measures
Summary
There are gaps in the research regarding the implementation and evidence of overall strategies for municipal health promotion addressing communities. The aim of this scoping review is to gain initial findings concerning theoretical models, approaches and evidence on strategies of municipal health promotion, which include self-care, mutual aid and healthy environments. Health promotion is defined as "the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health”. Epp [5] names self-care (or individual health decisions and actions), mutual aid (or supporting others to cope) and healthy environments (or creating conditions and environments that are beneficial to health) as three mechanisms that are inherent in health promotion. The purpose of health promotion is to enable people to gain greater control over the so-called determinants of health
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