Abstract
This paper is focused on the state-of-the-art and challenges concerning the thermophysical properties of thermal plasmas used in numerical modelling devoted to high voltage circuit breakers. For Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE) and Non-Local Thermodynamic (NLTE) and/or Chemical Equilibrium (NLCE) plasmas, the methods used to calculate the composition, thermodynamic, transport and radiative properties are presented. A review of these last data is proposed and some comparisons are given for illustrations.
Highlights
Due to the cost of the experimental tests for HVCB, more and more numerical modelling is developed in order to compare the interruption capability of gases or mixtures with lower ODP than SF6 (CF3I, CO2, C4F7N with Air, N2 or O2), to optimize the efficiency of the process by using new designs, new electrodes or new walls, or to better understand the physical and chemical processes in the plasma.To develop the simulation of a high voltage circuit breaker using magneto-hydro-dynamic models (MHD), it is necessary to elaborate databanks of fundamental properties: the thermodynamic properties, the transport coefficients, and the radiative properties, these data being used in the different equations of conservation: mass conservation, momentum conservation and energy conservation
We have presented the methods commonly used to determine the thermophysical properties for Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE) and Non-Local Thermodynamic (NLTE)/NLCE plasmas existing in HVCB
For NLTE/NLCE plasmas in HVCB, lots of challenges persist and must be solved rapidly in order to contribute to the improvement of the MHD modelling
Summary
Due to the cost of the experimental tests for HVCB, more and more numerical modelling is developed in order to compare the interruption capability of gases or mixtures with lower ODP than SF6 (CF3I, CO2, C4F7N with Air, N2 or O2), to optimize the efficiency of the process by using new designs, new electrodes or new walls, or to better understand the physical and chemical processes in the plasma. The numerical simulations have to be performed considering nonequilibrium phenomena, which are done using the two-temperature assumption. In this we usually distinguish the electron kinetic temperature Te which characterizes the high temperatures area of the plasma, while the heavy particles kinetic temperature Th describes low temperature regions. As the expressions available in the literature are accepted by the community in the case of LTE assumption, we will remember the recent works done on new mixtures and radiative properties. We make a brief overview of the recent papers dealing with the 2T-properties applied to HVCB and finish the paper by indicating some challenges to solve
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