Abstract
The construction of redox-active supramolecular assemblies based on star-shaped and radially expanded tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) oligomers with divergent and extended conjugation is summarized. Star-shaped TTF oligomers easily self-aggregate with a nanophase separation to produce supramolecular structures, and their TTF units stack face-to-face to form columnar structures using the fastener effect. Based on redox-active self-organizing supramolecular structures, conducting nanoobjects are constructed by doping of TTF oligomers with oxidants after the formation of such nanostructures. Although radical cations derived from TTF oligomers strongly interact in solution to produce a mixed-valence dimer and π-dimer, it seems to be difficult to produce nanoobjects of radical cations different from those of neutral TTF oligomers. In some cases, however, radical cations form nanostructured fibers and rods by controlling the supramolecular assembly, oxidation states, and counter anions employed.
Highlights
Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) chemistry first attracted enthusiastic attention of chemists and physicists on high electrical conductivity and superconductivity with high Tc temperature
TTF and its derivatives are frequently employed as a redox-active moiety for organic electronic devices such as fieldeffect-transistors (FET), dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC), positive electrode materials for rechargeable batteries, and electrochromic (EC) materials [1]
TTF derivatives are versatile building blocks to form aggregates in the solid state with interesting conducting and magnetic behavior [2]. These properties are mainly originated from specific interactions between molecules having one or more unpaired electrons [3,4], neutral TTF and its derivatives form stacked columnar structures with face-to-face π···π stacking and side-by-side S···S interactions in the crystalline state
Summary
Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) chemistry first attracted enthusiastic attention of chemists and physicists on high electrical conductivity and superconductivity with high Tc temperature. This review focuses on the conducting nanostructures of TTF derivatives in the solid state, together with association behavior in solution. showed no conductivity, Bryce and co-workers synthesized arborol-functionalized TTF derivative in 2003, whose doped film exhibited a moderate level of conductivity (σrt ≈ 10−4 S cm−1) [53].
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