Abstract
A 17-year-old boy with type I diabetes mellitus, was admitted to the intensive care unit with a 7-day history of right ankle contusion that progressed to erysipela, fasciitis and acute respiratory failure (septic embolic pneumonia – blood cultures positive to Staphylococcus aureus). Chest X-ray revealed bilateral infiltrates, the PaO2/FiO2 ratio was 150 and there was no evidence of pulmonary congestion. Vancomycin and surgical intervention were initiated and a thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan was performed right after the patient was intubated. The CT revealed gravity-dependent opacities and peribronchiolar patchy infiltrates. A stepwise recruitment maneuver (SRM) with high positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels (25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 cmH2O) and a fixed pressure control level of 15 cmH2O was carried out at the Radiology suite, and the PEEP was titrated in order to keep the lung open and to minimize VILI. The CT scan showed that the lung opened with 45 cmH2O PEEP+15 cmH2O PCV (60 cmH2O total), and was kept open with 25 cmH2O PEEP; the PaO2/FiO2 ratio was >350. After 24 hours the PaO2/FiO2 ratio worsened and another SRM was performed; the PEEP increased to 29 cmH2O and the PaO2/FiO2 ratio increased to >350. The FiO2 was decreased to 30%, and after 96 hours the PEEP levels were progressively decreased and pressure support ventilation was initiated. After 10 days of intubation, the patient was weaned from mechanical ventilation and started on hyperbaric oxygen. After 3 days of extubation, the patient was breathing room air with SpO2 >95%. The CT scan showed that the SRM is important before increasing PEEP levels. PEEP levels must be set in order to prevent alveolar collapse according to the CT scan or PaO2/FiO2 ratio > 350, and it is important to initiate pressure support ventilation as soon as possible in order to prevent critical illness polyneuropathy. In this case we did not observe barotrauma, circulatory failure, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and the intensive care unit length of stay was 12 days. In this severe case of acute respiratory distress syndrome, the SRM with high PEEP levels and PEEP titration according to the CT scan and according to PaO2/FiO2 ratio > 350 was effective, and related to a better prognosis.
Highlights
Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a recognized trigger of systemic inflammatory response, usually related to postoperative acute lung injury (ALI)
In 14 patients, bone marrow was harvested from iliac crest and Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell (BM-MNC) were selected by Ficoll gradient
The objective was to evaluate the characteristics of Chest pain (CP) in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD) admitted in a chest pain unit (CPU)
Summary
Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a recognized trigger of systemic inflammatory response, usually related to postoperative acute lung injury (ALI). Few studies exist analysing the handling of acute respiratory insufficiency with invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and its correlation with mortality among the elderly intensive care unit (IUC) patient population. In Brazil, most patients with TBI are managed in general ICUs. The results of the treatment of patients admitted to nonspecialized ICUs must be compared with those obtained in neurosurgical ICUs. An acute confusional state (ACS) has been a frequent finding in patients undergoing cardiac surgery (CS), which, according to the literature, has resulted in a greater number of complications and in an increase in hospitalization and length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU). The mortality of elderly patients who are admitted to intensive care units (ICU) has been the aim of some recent studies. Drugs that modulate such phenotypic alterations may be useful in the control of these and other clinical situations
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