Abstract
The consideration of alternative sites for renewable energies should not only be a reaction to dwindling acceptance of the transformation of the energy system. Rather it should be incorporated at the beginning of any site planning process and thereby enable transparent, democratic negotiations about sustainable land use. On the one hand, alternative sites can result from successively expanding or limiting the search area for sites by mini- or maximizing restriction criteria. On the other hand, a certain search area may be extended by considering a category of space not previously included in the site calculation process. Both aspects will be discussed in the following attempt to develop spatial corridors for the implementation of the transformation of the Bavarian wind energy system. The spatial patterns resulting from the GIS-based site analysis for wind power plants may serve as a basis for the allocation of exclusion, restriction, and priority areas in regional planning. Simply standardizing procedures among the various regional planning associations based on potential analysis may prevent a patchwork of energy strategies and may guide site planning processes towards a balanced spatial development. It is the main goal of this study to investigate the suitability concerning usage for wind power of sites on both open landscapes as well as in forest territories. Thereby those spatial patterns of wind power are being identified that not only meet the specifications of the “bavarian wind decree”, but furthermore satisfy the qualitative demand for a maximum socio-ecological compatibility.
Highlights
The consideration of alternative sites for renewable energies should be a reaction to dwindling acceptance of the transformation of the energy system. Rather it should be incorporated at the beginning of any site planning process and thereby enable transparent, democratic negotiations about sustainable land use
A certain search area may be extended by considering a category of space not previously included in the site calculation process. Both aspects will be discussed in the following attempt to develop spatial corridors for the implementation of the transformation of the Bavarian wind energy system
The spatial patterns resulting from the GIS-based site analysis for wind power plants may serve as a basis for the allocation of exclusion, restriction, and priority areas in regional planning
Summary
In der deutschen Gesellschaft besteht grundsätzlich Einigkeit darüber, den Ausbau von erneuerbaren Energien zu Lasten der noch dominierenden fossilen und nuklearen Kraftwerkskapazitäten voranzutreiben. Jenseits dieser dynamischen Entwicklung besteht die Hoffnung, dass, wenn die anstehenden Probleme beim Ausbau der Stromnetze und bei der Sicherung einer grund- und spitzenlastfähigen Stromversorgung überwunden sind, die Energiewende Grundlage für einen wirtschaftlichen Aufschwung sein kann Die energiepolitischen und energiewirtschaftlichen Maßnahmen Deutschlands werden mit großem Interesse von Schwellenländern wie Brasilien, China und Südafrika beobachtet und stoßen dabei auf mehr Verständnis, als dies im Inland der Fall ist (Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung 2013: 9). Auf europäischer Ebene hat sich Deutschland hingegen energiepolitisch isoliert, denn der Rückbau der nuklearen Kraftwerkskapazitäten bis zum Jahr 2022 steht konträr zur Strategie vieler Nachbarstaaten, die den Ausbau von Atomkraftwerken sogar forcieren werden (Briese/Hoemske 2010: 16 f.). Frondel/Schmidt/aus dem Moore 2011), schlechte Ökobilanzen von Technologien (vgl. Bosch 2012), Technisierung gewachsener Kulturlandschaften (vgl. Scheidler 2010) sowie damit einhergehende Bürgerproteste (vgl. Weiss 2013) offenbaren die Schwachstellen des Energiekonzeptes
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