Stakeholder roles in facilitating access to essential medicines.

КОМПЛЕМЕНТАРНІСТЬ СТРАТЕГІЙ МАРКЕТИНГУ ТА ЛОГІСТИКИ В ЛАНЦЮГУ ПОСТАВОК ТОВАРІВ ПОВСЯКДЕННОГО ПОПИТУ

Roberto Baldacci (“ An Exact Algorithm for the Pickup and Delivery Problem with Time Windows ”) is a researcher in operations research at the Department of Electronics, Computer Science, and Systems (DEIS) of the University of Bologna, Italy. His major research interests are in the areas of transportation planning, logistics and distribution, and the solution of vehicle routing and scheduling problems over street networks. His research activities are in the theory and applications of mathematical programming including the design of new heuristic and exact methods for solving routing and location problems. Enrico Bartolini (“ An Exact Algorithm for the Pickup and Delivery Problem with Time Windows ”) holds a postdoctoral position at the University of Bologna. His research activity concerns the study and development of heuristic and exact algorithms for solving combinatorial optimization problems with applications in logistics and distribution systems, in particular network design problems and some generalizations of the vehicle routing problem. Saif Benjaafar (“ Optimal Control of an Assembly System with Multiple Stages and Multiple Demand Classes ”) is professor of industrial and systems engineering at the University of Minnesota, where he is also founding and current director of the Industrial & Systems Engineering Program, director of the Center for Supply Chain Research, and a faculty scholar with the Center for Transportation Studies. He was a Distinguished Senior Visiting Scientist at Honeywell Laboratories and a visiting professor at universities in France, Belgium, Hong Kong, China, and Singapore. His research is in the areas of supply chain management, service and manufacturing operations, and production and inventory systems, with a current focus on sustainability and environmental modeling. He serves on the editorial board of several journals including Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, Production and Operations Management, Naval Research Logistics, and IIE Transactions. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Industrial Engineers (IIE). Dimitris Bertsimas (“ Performance Analysis of Queueing Networks via Robust Optimization ”) is the Boeing Professor of Operations Research and codirector of the Operations Research Center at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. This research is part of his work in the last decade on robust optimization for optimization and performance analysis of stochastic systems. Atul Bhandari (“ Revenue Management with Bargaining ”) is manager of the Algorithms Team at SmartOps. He supervises the design and development of enterprise inventory optimization algorithms, supervises modeling and analysis support for sales and implementation efforts, and leads educational sessions. He earned a Ph.D. in operations research from the Carnegie Mellon University Tepper School of Business. Sushil Bikhchandani (“ An Ascending Vickrey Auction for Selling Bases of a Matroid ”) is professor of decisions, operations, and technology management at the Anderson School of Management at the University of California, Los Angeles. He is interested in the economics of incentives and its application to auctions, market institutions, and social learning. J. Paul Brooks (“ Support Vector Machines with the Ramp Loss and the Hard Margin Loss ”) is an assistant professor of operations research in the Department of Statistical Sciences and Operations Research and a fellow of the Center for Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University. He is currently secretary/treasurer of the INFORMS Section on Data Mining. His research interests include the design of optimization-based algorithms for data mining and their application to biomedical data. He is also interested in applications of optimization to models of cellular metabolism and network design problems. Sungyong Choi (“ A Multiproduct Risk-Averse Newsvendor with Law-Invariant Coherent Measures of Risk ”) is an instructor in the Department of Management Science and Information Systems at Rutgers University. Dr. Choi's research interests are in the area of stochastic modeling and its application in supply chain management. Milind Dawande (“ Production Planning with Patterns: A Problem from Processed Food Manufacturing ” and “ Quantifying the Impact of Layout on Productivity: An Analysis from Robotic-Cell Manufacturing ”) is professor and area coordinator of operations management at the School of Management, University of Texas at Dallas. His research interests are in discrete optimization problems in manufacturing and operations. His papers have appeared in a number of research outlets, including Operations Research, Management Science, Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, and the INFORMS Journal on Computing. Mehmet Demirci (“ Production Planning with Patterns: A Problem from Processed Food Manufacturing ”) is a supply chain sales engineer at SmartOps. He holds a Ph.D. degree in industrial engineering from the University of Pittsburgh. His research interests include inventory optimization, operations management, large-scale combinatorial optimization, and operations research applications in health care. Sven de Vries (“ An Ascending Vickrey Auction for Selling Bases of a Matroid ”) is a professor of operations research in the Department of Mathematics at the Universität Trier. His research interests include combinatorial optimization and auctions. Xiaowei Ding (“ A Top-Down Approach to Multiname Credit ”) is an associate at Morgan Stanley's Commodity Trading Group. Mohsen ElHafsi (“ Optimal Control of an Assembly System with Multiple Stages and Multiple Demand Classes ”) is a professor at the Anderson Graduate School of Management at the University of California, Riverside, where he also serves as associate dean and graduate advisor. He holds Ph.D. and M.Sc. degrees from the Industrial and Systems Engineering Department at the University of Florida and was the Honor Graduate. He received the Qualified Engineer degree, with honors, from the Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tunis, Tunisia. His area of research includes operations and supply chain management, manufacturing and service operations, and production and inventory systems. Amr Farahat (“ A Comparison of Bertrand and Cournot Profits in Oligopolies with Differentiated Products ”) is an assistant professor at the Johnson Graduate School of Management at Cornell University. He obtained his doctoral degree in operations research from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His current research focuses on differentiated product pricing, inventory management, and competition. He is interested in problems at the interface of operations management, economics, and marketing. Vivek F. Farias (“ The Irrevocable Multiarmed Bandit Problem ”) is the Robert N. Noyce Career Development Assistant Professor of Management at the Sloan School of Management and the Operations Research Center at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His research focuses on revenue management, dynamic optimization, and the analysis of complex stochastic systems. The paper in this issue is part of the author's research in the context of dynamic optimization. David Gamarnik (“ Performance Analysis of Queueing Networks via Robust Optimization ”) is an associate professor of operations research at the Sloan School of Management of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His research interests include applied probability and stochastic processes, theory of random combinatorial structures and algorithms, and various applications. He currently serves as an associate editor of Annals of Applied Probability, Operations Research, Mathematics of Operations Research, and queueing systems journals. Srinagesh Gavirneni (“ Production Planning with Patterns: A Problem from Processed Food Manufacturing ”) is an assistant professor of operations management in the Johnson Graduate School of Management at Cornell University. His research interests are in the areas of supply chain management, inventory control, production scheduling, simulation, and optimization. His papers have appeared in Management Science, Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, Operations Research, European Journal of Operational Research, Operations Research Letters, IIE Transactions, and Interfaces. Previously he was an assistant professor in the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University, the chief algorithm design engineer of SmartOps, a software architect at Maxager Technology Inc., and a research scientist with Schlumberger. His undergraduate degree from IIT-Madras is in mechanical engineering, and he received an M.Sc. from Iowa State University and a Ph.D. from Carnegie Mellon University. Kay Giesecke (“ A Top-Down Approach to Multiname Credit ”) is assistant professor of management science and engineering at Stanford University. His research and teaching interests are in financial engineering. Lisa R. Goldberg (“ A Top-Down Approach to Multiname Credit ”) is executive director of analytic initiatives at MSCI Barra with responsibility for developing and prototyping financial risk and valuation models. Randolph W. Hall (“ Discounted Robust Stochastic Games and an Application to Queueing Control ”) is vice president of research, and professor of industrial and systems engineering, at the University of Southern California. After receiving a Ph.D. in civil engineering from the University of California, Berkeley, he has held research and faculty positions at General Motors, the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Southern California, including dir

A survey on control theory applications to operational systems, supply chain management, and Industry 4.0

Clarification of a term transport chain

Global trade is based on coordinated factors, that means labor and products are moved from their point of origin to the point of use. Strategies have a significant impact on global trade because they enable the effective development of goods across international borders. The decision making is an important task for the development of Logistics Supply Chain (LSC) infrastructure and process. Decisions on supplier selection, production schedule, transportation routes, inventory levels, pricing strategies, and other issues need to be made. These decisions may have a big influence on customer service, profitability, operational efficiency, and overall competitiveness. The Artificial Intelligence (AI) approach of Fuzzy Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation (Fuzzy-Promethee-2) is used to assess the priority selection of the factors associated with the LSC and evaluate the importance in global trade. The role of AI is very useful compare to statistical analysis in terms of decision making. The computational analysis placed promotion of exports as the most important priority out of five selected attributes in LSC, with infrastructure development. The result suggests that LSC depends heavily on export promotion as the most significant attribute. Infrastructural development also appeared another factor influencing LSC. The foreign investment was ranked the lowest. The evaluated results are useful for the policy makers, supply chain managers and the logistics professionals associated with the supply chain management.

Businesses may face different challenges in the realization and management of supply chain activities. To cope with these challenges and be successful in supply chain management, companies need supply chain strategies that are suitable for their product structures and objectives and strategic collaborations based on co-operation among supply chain members. In addition, to control and improve the results of the activities and strategies, the performance of logistics activities, which have a large share in the economic development of companies, should be measured and managed correctly. Therefore, supply chain strategies, supply chain integration, and logistics performance measurements have a critical importance in supply chain management, where the competition of companies is experienced and complexity is increasing day by day. In this framework, this study aims to investigate the relationship between the supply chain strategies and logistics performance of an enterprise and whether supply chain integration has a mediating role in this relationship. For this purpose, 417 data samples were collected and analyzed from the top 1000 exporter companies determined by the Turkish Exporters Assembly by a survey method, and the findings are analyzed and discussed. In the literature, there is no study that analyzes the relationship between the variables determined in this research from a mediator variable perspective. Therefore, this study presents original research in this field, and it is expected that the findings of the research will provide important benefits to companies and researchers and offer a new perspective to the literature. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that there is a significant and positive relationship between the supply chain strategies determined by companies and their logistics performance and supply chain integration. There is also a significant and positive relationship between supply chain integration and logistics performance. In addition, it has been concluded that supply chain integration plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between supply chain strategies and logistics performance. These results suggest the importance of supply chain strategies and supply chain integration in improving logistics performance. Therefore, in line with the research results, it is suggested that, to use supply chains for competitive advantage, managers should ensure supply chain integration by determining the right supply chain strategies in accordance with their objectives and product structures, and thus increase their logistics performance.

Small and medium-sized businesses in Nigeria are beginning to recognise the importance of supply chain management for economic growth, but they are still lagging behind in understanding the integrated supply chain dimensions that drive remarkable changes in business processes and yield positive outcomes for improved service quality, efficiency and cost reduction. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how supply chain management performance and logistics relate to particular small and medium-sized enterprises in Ogun State, Nigeria. The adoption of a descriptive survey methodology allowed for this. A systematic questionnaire was used to gather primary data. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data that was gathered. The data were described and summarised using the descriptive analysis. The impact of the independent variable on logistics was evaluated using analysis of variance. The strategy and flexibility of the supply chain were used to gauge the effectiveness of supply chain management. The results demonstrate that logistics, as predicted by hypothesis one, has a major impact on supply chain flexibility. They also demonstrate that logistics, as predicted by hypothesis two, has a major impact on supply chain strategy. According to the study’s findings, performance evaluation is crucial for businesses in order to assess how well they are accomplishing their strategic goals, especially with regard to their supply chain and logistics operations. In order to gain a competitive edge and improve their business performance, the study suggested, among other things, that small and medium-sized enterprises embrace supply chain flexibility and make flexible, adaptable modifications to meet market demands. The study’s findings will provide manufacturers, researchers, scholars, policymakers, students, and anyone else interested in operations and production management with a better understanding of the effectiveness of comprehensive supply chain and logistics management performance metrics

Contributors

The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) in supply chain management and logistics has emerged as a promising approach to enhance operational efficiency, transparency, and agility. A comprehensive data analysis and interpretation of the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in supply chain management and logistics. The study aims to assess the current level of IoT adoption, identify challenges faced during implementation, examine the relationship between IoT adoption and supply chain efficiency, explore potential benefits, and evaluate the impact of IoT integration on organizational performance and customer satisfaction. The data analysis is based on survey responses from diverse organizations operating in various industries. The survey investigated the extent of IoT adoption in different supply chain activities, such as inventory management, transportation, warehousing, and order fulfilment. The findings reveal that 75% of the surveyed organizations have partially adopted IoT in their supply chain operations, with varying degrees of implementation across different activities. Furthermore, the research identifies key challenges faced by organizations in implementing IoT, with the cost of implementation, integration with existing systems, and data security and privacy concerns being the most prominent hurdles. The study also explores the relationship between IoT adoption and supply chain efficiency. The data analysis demonstrates a positive correlation between IoT adoption and supply chain performance, with improvements observed in on-time delivery, order accuracy, and inventory turnover among the organizations that adopted IoT. The potential benefits of IoT adoption in supply chain management are investigated. The data analysis highlights the expected advantages of real-time tracking and visibility, predictive maintenance, and enhanced demand forecasting. Finally, the impact of IoT integration on overall organizational performance and customer satisfaction is evaluated. The data analysis indicates that a significant majority of organizations reported an overall improvement in performance after IoT integration, and a positive impact on customer experience and loyalty. In conclusion, this research provides valuable insights into the adoption and implications of IoT in supply chain management and logistics. The findings underscore the potential for IoT to drive efficiency and enhance customer satisfaction in the supply chain context. However, challenges related to cost, integration, and data security need to be addressed for successful implementation. The research contributes to a deeper understanding of leveraging IoT for smarter supply chain management and logistics, paving the way for further advancements and future perspectives in this rapidly evolving domain

In the current financial crisis, the business risk has been exacerbated. Mergers and acquisitions has become a hot issue. In knowledge management process of the mergers and acquisitions, Corporate concerns are about the risks of knowledge management in supply chain. This paper aims to develop a qualitative risk model with the data of Yangtze River Delta of China, to empirically identify the important risk factors of knowledge management for the supply chain logistics in mergers and acquisitions. Starting with the importance of knowledge management risks in supply chain logistics, then, paper proposed an optimization of the risk management process, a new paradigm for risk of knowledge management in supply chain planning and logistics control system is required in mergers based on risk management theory.

"This is a must for all practitioners, scholars and researchers on strategic sourcing. It succinctly provides invaluable information which is logically supported by the facts. It should be the resource for all current and aspiring supply chain professionals keen to learn more about the strategic connection between sourcing, company and industrial competitiveness, service delivery quality and national and regional development." -Intaher Ambe, Professor of Supply Chain Management: School of Management Sciences, UNISA "This Executive Insights into Strategic Sourcing is an essential and thought provoking resource for all directors, new and experienced, of government, public and private sector organisations. Not only does Professor Boateng provide insightful reflections on the role of strategic sourcing in national development, he also concisely blends research, real world data and best practices and experiences that help decision makers initiate sourcing practices for maximum long -term company and societal benefit." - Lebogang Letsoalo, Vice President, Supply Chain Management: Sasol Base Chemicals Professor Douglas BOATENG (MSc, EngD, FCILT, FSOE, FIPlantE, FCMI, FIC, FInst. D FIOM FCIPS, FloD, CDir), Africa's first ever appointed Professor Extraordinaire for supply and value chain management (SBL UNISA), is an International Professional certified Chartered Director and an adjunct academic. Independently recognised as one of the vertical specific global strategic thinkers on procurement, governance, logistics, and industrial engineering in the context of supply and value chain management, he continues to play leading academic and industrial roles in supply chain strategy development and implementation, both in Africa, and around the world. He holds, amongst other qualifications, an Institute of Directors Graduate Certificate and Diploma in Company Direction, and a Doctor of Engineering (Warwick). He is also an elected FELLOW of Institute of Directors-UK & South Africa; Society of Operations Engineers-UK; Institution of Plant Engineers- UK; Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport-UK & South Africa; Chartered Management Institute- UK; Chartered Institute of Procurement and Supply- UK; Institute of Business Consulting -UK; and the Institute of Operations Management-UK. Recognised for his outstanding contribution to the advancement of local and international aspects of supply chain management he was bestowed with a Platinum Life Time Global Achievers Award (2016) and a Life Time Achievers Award (2013) by the Chartered Institute of Procurement and Supply, and its various local industry associations. In 2016, Professor Boateng was honoured by CEO Titans Building Nations with a Life time Achievers Award for exceptional work done in the area of industrial engineering, procurement, and supply chain management in a developing world context. He has also been publicly acknowledged by leading institutions, including the Commonwealth Business Council, for his ongoing contribution to the rapidly emerging concept of strategic sourcing and its inextricable link to Africa's long-term industrialisation and socio-economic development. He has been an elected member of the UK's Institute of Directors for over 20 years, and continues to assist organisations and CEOs with board level, directional, and governance matters. In addition, Professor Boateng has been publicly acknowledged by leading institutions, including the Commonwealth Business Council, for his ongoing contribution to international procurement, supply chain development and governance, and its link to emerging world long-term socioeconomic development.

"Professor Boateng has done industry, government, and academia a huge favor by producing a truly comprehensive reference guide book filled with most of the terms associated with most aspects of supply chain management. Both local and global C-Suite executives, policy makers, academics and the like will immensely benefit from this handy compilation." -Dr Mohan Kaul. Executive Chairman, Commonwealth Investment Corporation, London. "A must have for supply chain management academics and practitioners. This revised edition offers the most comprehensive vocabularies associated with supply chain management to date." -I.M. Ambe, Professor of Supply Chain Management and Head of SCM Group, UNISA "The need to improve supply chain management understanding is increasingly becoming strategically important to business and society. Today, it is still relatively opinion rich and nomenclature poor. Without doubt, the 2nd edition of Professor Boateng's compendium has come at the right time to help correct the anomaly." -Dr Patricia Makhesha, Managing Director, Platreef Project, Ivanplats. Professor Douglas BOATENG (MSc, EngD, FCILT, FOE, FIPlantE, FCMI, FIC, Finst. D FIOM FCIPS, FloD, CDir), Africa's first ever appointed Professor Extraordinaire for supply and value chain management (SBL UNISAJ, is an International Professional certified Chartered Director and an adjunct academic. Independently recognised as one of the vertical specific global strategic thinkers on procurement, governance, logistics, and industrial engineering in the context of supply and value chain management, he continues to play leading academic and industrial roles in supply chain strategy development and implementation, both in Africa, and around the world. He holds, amongst other qualifications, an Institute of Directors Graduate Certificate and Diploma in Company Direction, and a Doctor of Engineering (Warwick). He is also an elected FELLOW of Institute of Directors-UK & South Africa; Society of Operations Engineers- UK; Institution of Plant Engineers- UK; Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport-UK & South Africa; Chartered Management Institute - UK; Chartered Institute of Procurement and Supply- UK; Institute of Business Consulting -UK; and the Institute of Operations Management- UK. Recognised for his outstanding contribution to the advancement of local and international aspects of supply chain management he was bestowed with a Platinum Life Time Global Achievers Award (2016) and a Life Time Achievers Award (2013) by the Chartered Institute of Procurement and Supply, and its various local industry associations. In 2016, Professor Boateng was honoured by CEO Titans Building Nations with a Life time Achievers Award for exceptional work done in the area of industrial engineering, procurement, and supply chain management in a developing world context. He has also been publicly acknowledged by leading institutions, including the Commonwealth Business Council, for his ongoing contribution to the rapidly emerging concept of strategic sourcing and its inextricable link to Africa's long-term industrialisation and socio-economic development. He has been an elected member of the UK's Institute of Directors for over 20 years, and continues to assist organisations and CEOs with board level, directional, and governance matters. In addition, Professor Boateng has been publicly acknowledged by leading institutions, including the Commonwealth Business Council, for his ongoing contribution to international procurement, supply chain development and governance, and its link to emerging world long term socio-economic development.

Contributors

Cross-docking is a supply chain distribution and logistics strategy for which less-than-truckload shipments are consolidated into full-truckload shipments. Goods are stored up to a maximum of 24 hours in a cross-docking terminal. In this chapter, we build on the literature review by Ladier and Alpan (2016), who reviewed cross-docking research and conducted interviews with cross-docking managers to find research gaps and provide recommendations for future research. We conduct a systematic literature review, following the framework by Ladier and Alpan (2016), on cross-docking literature from 2015 up to 2020. We focus on papers that consider the intersection of research and industry, e.g., case studies or studies presenting real-world data. We investigate whether the research has changed according to the recommendations of Ladier and Alpan (2016). Additionally, we examine the adoption of Industry 4.0 practices in cross-docking research, e.g., related to features of the physical internet, the Internet of Things and cyber-physical systems in cross-docking methodologies or case studies. We conclude that only small adaptations have been done based on the recommendations of Ladier and Alpan (2016), but we see growing attention for Industry 4.0 concepts in cross-docking, especially for physical internet hubs.

Background Shortages of essential medicines impact patient safety and raise the costs of medicines to consumers and governments. Ongoing medicine shortages have become a critical issue that threaten global access to medicines. Objective The aim of this study was to explore key stakeholders' perspectives on the challenges surrounding management and supply of essential medicines. Setting Western Pacific, Asia, Europe, North America, and Africa. Methods In-depth, semi-structured interviews with 47 participants were conducted across seven stakeholder groups globally. Stakeholders included government, academics, consumer groups, non-profit organisations, hospital healthcare providers, manufacturers, and wholesaler/distributors. A grounded theory approach was applied to qualitative analysis. Main outcome measure Stakeholders' perspectives on the challenges surrounding management and supply of essential medicines. Results This study showed that supporting consumer demand for a wide range of therapeutic products required increased resources and coordination. Four main themes were identified: (1) consumer demand for a wide range of individual therapeutic needs cannot be sustained by the supply chain; (2) there lacked a coordinated approach to manage medicine shortages throughout the supply chain; (3) there were gaps in communication throughout the continuum of the supply chain; and (4) both international and local disruptions contributed to vulnerabilities in the supply chain. Conclusion Prioritisation of supply, logistics, and budget decisions around essential medicines need to be clearly coordinated between stakeholders to mitigate medicine shortages. Financial structures should include resilience planning to support fair and equitable access to medicines that meet consumer needs.