Abstract
Modern Applications in Pharmacy & Pharmacology Stable Labeled Isotopes as Internal Standards: A Critical Review Nageswara Rao Reddy* Bioanlytical/Analytical Contract Research Organization Company, USA *Corresponding author: Nageswara Rao Reddy, Bioanlytical/Analytical Contract Research Organization Company, USA Submission: October 27, 2017; Published: December 18, 2017 DOI: 10.31031/MAPP.2017.01.000508 ISSN 2637-7756Volume1 Issue2
Highlights
SIL internal standards are used in a wide range of analyses, including of small and large molecules, quantification of metabolites, and the determination of the in vivo metabolism of certain molecules
In another application of SIL standards, Freisleben et al [3] described in their work the use of synthesized labeled vitamins of folic acid as internal standards in stable isotope dilution assays
Pawlosky & Flanagan [4] contributed to this research area by developing a negative mode electrospray ionization (ESI) LC/MS method for the quantitative determination of folic acid in fortified foods with the aid of a stable labeled folic acid (13C5) internal standard, which helped diminish variation produced by the sample extraction procedure
Summary
SIL internal standards are used in a wide range of analyses, including of small and large molecules, quantification of metabolites, and the determination of the in vivo metabolism of certain molecules. This isotopic harvesting process helps to quantify and provide precise functional information about peptides using mass spectra In another application of SIL standards in the study of biomolecules, Hsu et al [6] described in their paper a strategy for labeling the N-terminus and the ɛ-amino group of lysine with a stable isotope using a reductive amination procedure in the presence of a formaldehyde reagent. In Kasuya et al [12] publication, “Stable-isotope methodology for the bioavailability study of phenytoin during multiple-dosing regimens,” the authors determined accurate clearance values of unlabeled phenytoin at a steady state condition in the plasma concentration by comparing the results from the plasma concentration of a small amount of intravenously administrated SIL phenytoin (DPH-d10), and analyzing the plasma samples using a highly sensitive and specific gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Fierens et al [19] described a methodology for the quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis of urinary C-peptide in the presence of a D- and 14C-labeled peptide as an SIL internal standard
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