Stable High-Gain Linearly and Circularly Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antennas Based on Multiple High-Order Modes

Abstract

Dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) under high-order multiple-modes resonator (MMR) for stable high gain are proposed in this communication. The approach is to implement slot cuts on the surface of DR for reconstructing the electric field distribution of high-order resonance modes. In this way, the sidelobes are reduced and two high-order modes are reallocated to construct a continuous wide band. Various MMR configurations were proposed in this work. First, a DRA operating in TE <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\mathrm {x}}_{031}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and TE <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\mathrm {x}}_{051}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> modes is proposed with a pair of loaded slots to realize a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 26% and a stable gain as high as 8.3 dBi within the desired passband. Second, a DRA with TE <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\mathrm {x}}_{051}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and TE <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\mathrm {x}}_{071}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> modes is developed by introducing two pairs of slots, and an impedance FBW of 12.8% and a stable gain as high as 11 dBi are achieved. Third, three pairs of slots are introduced to the DRA with TE <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\mathrm {x}}_{091}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and TE <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\mathrm {x}}_{0,11,1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> modes, and an impedance FBW of 6.4% and a stable antenna gain as high as 12.3 dBi are obtained. At last, a circularly polarized (CP) DRA array with four proposed linearly polarized (LP) DRA elements is designed with an impedance bandwidth of 51.8%, a 3 dB axial-ratio (AR) FBW of 32%, a peak gain of 13.89 dBic, and a 1 dB gain bandwidth of 19.9%.