Stable cubic phases in codispersions of glucocerebroside and palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylethanolamine

Abstract

The effect of glucocerebroside (GlcCer) on the structure and thermotropic phase behavior of aqueous dispersions of palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (POPE) has been examined using simultaneous small-angle and wide-angle X-ray diffraction methods. Binary mixtures of GlcCer:POPE in molar ratios of 2:100, 5:100, 10:100, 20:100, 30:100, and 40:100 were examined in the temperature range 20–90 °C. Cubic phase has been observed in binary mixtures comprised of molar ratios greater than 5:100 in the temperature range of 60–90 °C upon heating at a rate of 2 °C/min. The cubic phase is relatively stable and coexists with inverted hexagonal or lamellar phases. It persists in the codispersions throughout subsequent cooling scans to 30 °C. The space group of the cubic phase is determined to be Pn3 m or Pn3. The lattice constant of the Pn3 m cubic phase was found to be almost constant when it coexists with lamellar liquid-crystal phase. Marked temperature-dependent changes were observed when cubic phase coexists with hexagonal phase or lamellar-gel phases. This is the first report of cubic phases formed by codispersions of glycosphingolipids and phospholipids. The mechanism of cubic phase formation and the interaction between GlcCer and POPE is discussed in terms of the putative biological functions of glycolipids.