Abstract
For the long-term operation of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), online monitoring and feedback control of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) can be used to control the emissions to national or regional standards. In this study, 500 PCDD/F samples were determined by thermal desorption gas chromatography coupled to tunable-laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TD-GC-TLI-TOFMS) for 168 h. PCDD/F emissions range from 0.01 ng I-TEQ/Nm3 to 2.37 ng I-TEQ/Nm3, with 44% of values below 0.1 ng I-TEQ/Nm3 (the national standard). In addition, the temperature of the furnace outlet, bed pressure, and oxygen content are considered as key operating parameters among the 13 operating parameters comprising four temperature parameters, four pressure parameters, four flow parameters, and oxygen content. More specifically, maintaining the furnace outlet temperature to be higher than 800 °C, or bed pressure higher than 13 kPa, or the oxygen content stably and above 10% are effective methods for reducing PCDD/F emissions. According to the analysis of the Pearson coefficients and maximal information coefficients, there is no significant correlation between operating parameters and PCDD/F I-TEQ. Only when there is a significant change in one of these factors will the PCDD/F emissions also change accordingly. The feedback control of PCDD/F emissions is realized by adjusting the furnace outlet temperature, bed temperature, and bed pressure to control the PCDD/F to be less than 0.1 ng I-TEQ/Nm3.
Highlights
Nowadays, incineration is considered to be the preferred technology to dispose of municipal solid waste (MSW) in China [1]
When the bed pressure increa from 60 kPa to 77.5 kPa, PCDD/F emissions decreased from 0.12 ng international toxic equivalent quantity (I-TEQ)/Nm3 to 0 ng I-TEQ/Nm3. These results indicate that adjusting the temperature and pressure par eters to the levels corresponding to PCDD/F emissions lower than 0.1 ng I-TEQ/Nm3 be an effective method for controlling PCDD/F emissions under the national standard FFiigguurrTeeh112e.2Da
A drastic fluctuation of PCDD/F emissions could be observed during the long-term operation of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), with 44% of PCDD/F I-TEQ below 0.1 ng/Nm3
Summary
Incineration is considered to be the preferred technology to dispose of municipal solid waste (MSW) in China [1]. The above indicators have been successfully determined by resonance-enhanced multi-photo ionization coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (REMPI-TOFMS) [9,10], with a good correlation (R-square > 0.7) with PCDD/F emissions. The online monitoring of PCDD/F emissions was realized by measuring the 1,2,4-TrCBz concentration in flue gas during MSW incineration, through thermal desorption gas chromatography (TD-GC)-REMPI-TOFMS [5,13]. The method using 1,2,4-TrCBz as an indicator is considered to be the most promising way to realize online monitoring of PCDD/F emissions from industrial incineration. An accurate correlation between operating parameters and PCDD/F emissions is key to the diagnosis and feedback control of PCDD/F but difficult to be constructed, due to being limited by the defects of the standard method. PCDD/F emissions can be controlled to the national standard in time by rapid feedback control
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