Abstract
This study shows the development of a combustion promoter for the oil-refining process called fluid catalytic cracking (FCC). The investigation of a catalyst prepared for the combustion of CO composed of 0.05 wt% Pt supported on SiO2–Al2O3–0.5 wt% W microspheres with high mechanical resistance, promoted with tungsten oxides (WOx) that can inhibit the sintering of Pt, is reported. The addition of WOx in SiO2–Al2O3 inhibited the decrease in the specific area when calcined from 550 °C to 950 °C. SiO2–Al2O3 support in the form of calcined microspheres with average diameters between 70–105 µm were produced by spray drying, using two atomization discs with vanes of different geometry: a straight rectangular blade disc (DAR) and a curved rectangular vanes disc (DAC). The DAR disk produced whole microspheres, while the DAC had hollow and broken microspheres. The microspheres were characterized by XRD, SEM, optical microscopy, N2 physisorption (BET area) and fracture resistance tests. The Pt catalysts were evaluated by TPR, H2 chemisorption and CO combustion. The catalyst of 0.05 wt% Pt/SiO2–Al2O3–0.5 wt% turned out to be the most stable. A thermal stabilization effect was observed at contents lower than 1 wt% W that allowed it to inhibit the sintering of the Pt catalyst.
Highlights
Most fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units in the oil industry have introduced additives that improve the performance of the cracking catalyst
The CO combustion promoter additive is added to the inventory of the cracking catalyst or within the regenerator of the FCC unit to catalyze the oxidation reaction of CO to CO2 into the dense phase of the regenerator, reducing the high residual concentration of CO in the flue gas released by the regenerator [6,7,8,9,10,11]
Commercial CO combustion promoters are made up of attrition-resistant fluidizable spherical particles, such as alumina (Al2O3), silica–alumina (SiO2/Al2O3), or mixed oxides, which are produced by the spray-drying process with specific physical properties, such as a particle size range between 20 to 180 μm and a particle mean size between 75 to 80 μm, in which the powder conformed by these particles must have a high density [5,10,11,13,15]
Summary
Most fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units in the oil industry have introduced additives that improve the performance of the cracking catalyst. Commercial CO combustion promoters are made up of attrition-resistant fluidizable spherical particles, such as alumina (Al2O3), silica–alumina (SiO2/Al2O3), or mixed oxides, which are produced by the spray-drying process with specific physical properties, such as a particle size range between 20 to 180 μm and a particle mean size between 75 to 80 μm, in which the powder conformed by these particles must have a high density [5,10,11,13,15]. CIrtuwshaisn2go.b1Ss.terCrevnruegdtshhfiornfogtmhSettSrheieOngm2-tAhixlot2ufOrt3ehMse oSacfiOrgoe2s–plshAeolrf2eOssi3licMicaaccroidspahnedresboehmite that when increasing the conIctenwtraastioobnsoefrvSeiOd2f,rtohme ctrhueshminigxtsutrreensgotfh gbeylscoomf spirleicsiscioanciodf athnedmbaocerhom- ite that when spheres of SiinOc2r-eAals2Oin3g(3thmemcoonfcdeinamtraetteior)ninocfrSeiaOse2d, tghreadcuruasllhyin(Fgigsutrreen1g).thThbeymcaocmropsrpehsesrioen of the macrothat was presppahreerdesfroofmSitOh2e–mAilx2tOu3re(325mSAmporfedsieanmteedtearc)riunschreinagsesdtrgernagdthuaolfly13(8F.i4guNr,ea1b)o.vTehe macrosphere the crushintghsattrwenagsthproefptahreedmfarcormospthheerme itxhtautrew2a5sSdAetperremseinnetdedwaitchrucsohminmgesrctriaelngAtlh2Oo3f, 138.4 N, above which was 1th1e6 Ncr.ushing strength of the macrosphere that was determined with commercial Al2O3, which was 116 N
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