STABILITY OF PHYTOCENOSES IN OIL-PRODUCING REGIONS

Abstract

The only real way to deal with the consequences of oil and oil products spills is a complex of works, including mechanical or physico-chemical removal of spilled oil products with subsequent purification of the remaining oil in the soil by biological methods using phytoremediation with oil-oxidizing plants. One of the stages of the study of hydrocarbon-oxidizing plants before their introduction into the environment for remediation of contaminated sites is the study of the process of degradation of pollutants in model soil systems. Model experiments on cleaning and restoration of soils after their contamination with oil and oil products by plant biomass were studied. Oil samples from the Tengiz field were taken. During the experiments, the indicator of the total amount of biomass, as well as the oil content in the soil, was controlled. To correctly assess the participation of plant raw materials in the destruction of oil, experiments were carried out using non-sterile soils. Among other plant cultures, the most degrading activity was shown by plant cultures of the genus Fabaceae, which led to an increase in growth in the soil environment by an average of 7 sm in 20 days. This is observed for plants with oil concentrations of 3, 6 and 9 g. The results of physical and chemical analyses of phytoremediation products of crude oil, petroleum products and individual aromatic hydrocarbons can be important in microbiological and chemical studies with geobotanical indicators that allow analyzing the mechanism of action of biomass in the process of phytoremediation in the disposal of oil waste that pollutes the environment. The available data on the effect of petroleum hydrocarbons on plants are very contradictory. The species diversity of plants capable of growing on oil-contaminated soils has not been sufficiently studied. Knowledge of the degree of resistance of plants to hydrocarbon pollution is necessary to address issues related, on the one hand, to the possibility of their cultivation on contaminated soil, and on the other - to use for the restoration of disturbed soil fertility. In connection with the above, it is of great scientific and practical interest to study the effect of various doses of oil on changes in vegetation cover, soil properties and assessment of their phytotoxicity, which together determines the relevance of the stated topic.