Abstract
The Northern segment of Pakistan, especially Balakot city is affected up to large extent by the landslides. Tectonically, it lies in the proximity of Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis and other two active regional faults: Main Boundary and Hazara Frontal Thrusts that traversing right through the Balakot town. This study focuses on the evaluation of slopes near Balakot town in static and pseudo-static condition. A geological map is produced at 1:24,000 scale to separate various rock and soil units. During reconnaissance study, two slopes were selected which seem prone to sliding. The procured data on condition of natural slope, properties of material entailed, structural setting, and vegetation cover distribution was gathered. Discontinuity Surveys of slopes were carried out to collect discontinuity parameters. Kinematic analyses were performed on DIPS v. 7.0 to assess mode of failures based on joints data. Limit equilibrium analyses were carried out at Slide v. 7.0 to check factor of safety at different conditions. The study concluded that the slopes were affected by the plane, wedge and toppling failures, while although in seismically active zone, circular failure is not likely.
Highlights
IntroductionAccording to Coppola [4], hazard is the origin of the potential damage to community in which population, infrastructure, inhabitant’s property, business and environment are included, for example, it affects human life in the form of injuries, deaths; property damage and social-economic disturbances [5] [6]
This study focuses on the evaluation of slopes near Balakot town in static and pseudo-static condition
This study incorporates the area of Balakot city emphasizing upon two landslides; Landslide 1 (LS 1) and Landslide 2 (LS 2) marked on Figure 1 & Figure 2 [29]
Summary
According to Coppola [4], hazard is the origin of the potential damage to community in which population, infrastructure, inhabitant’s property, business and environment are included, for example, it affects human life in the form of injuries, deaths; property damage and social-economic disturbances [5] [6]. Whether it be an earthquake, volcanic activity, tsunami, landslide etc., it is almost difficult to stop such natural events due to their unpredictability [7]. The earthquake, which occurred on October 8th, 2005, caused numerous landslides in the Balakot area and this earthquake activated various landslides in the nearby area [16] [23]-[28]
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