Stability behaviour of antiretroviral drugs and their combinations. 10: LC-HRMS, LC-MSn, LC-NMR and NMR characterization of fosamprenavir degradation products and in silico determination of their ADMET properties

Abstract

The present study focused upon the forced degradation behaviour of fosamprenavir (FPV), an antiretroviral drug. A total of six degradation products (DPs) were separated on a non-polar stationary phase by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For the characterization, comprehensive mass fragmentation pathway of the drug was initially established using high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and multi-stage tandem mass spectrometry (MSn) data. Subsequently, LC-HRMS and LC-MSn studies were carried out on the forced degraded samples containing the DPs. Five DPs were isolated and subjected to extensive 1D (1H, 13C, and DEPT-135 (distortionless enhancement by polarization)) and 2D (COSY (correlation spectroscopy), TOCSY (total correlation spectroscopy), HSQC (heteronuclear single quantum coherence) and HMBC (heteronuclear multiple bond correlation)) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies to ascertain their structures, while one degradation product was subjected to LC-NMR studies, as it could not be isolated. The collated information was helpful in characterization of all the DPs, and to delineate the degradation pathway of the drug. Additionally, physicochemical, as well as absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) properties of the drug and its DPs were evaluated in silico by ADMET Predictor™ software.