Abstract
Sustainability is one of the main components of precision farming that will lead to food security and production resources for current and future generations. The selection of suitable hybrids and fertilizers is among the methods that can directly influence sustainable agriculture and economic efficiency at the farm level, providing accurate site-specific nutrient management strategies for yield maximization. This experiment included two fertilizer sources in ten maize hybrids in four replications for three consecutive years (2018–2020). The experiment was carried out at the Látókép Crop Production Experimental Site of the University of Debrecen, Hungary. The results of the ANOVA showed that genotype, year, and fertilizer levels had various effects on grain yield, oil, protein, and starch content. FAO340 had maximum grain yield on different fertilizers (NPK and N), and FAO350 had maximum protein content. To gain the best performance and maximum yield of maize on protein and oil, FAO350 is recommended for protein and FAO340 for oil content. The parameters of grain yield, oil content, protein content, and starch content affected by NPK fertilizer provide the stability of grain yield parameters. FAO360, FAO420, and FAO320 hybrids had their maximum desirable N fertilizer doses and NPK fertilizer stability in this research. These results indicate that FAO360, FAO420, and FAO330 hybrids had their maximum potential yield in different fertilizer and environmental conditions. Based on this multi-year study, the complete NPK fertilizer with 150 kg/ha nitrogen, 115 kg/ha potassium, 135 kg/ha phosphorus is recommended to be used on maize hybrids.
Highlights
With the increase in the global population, the agricultural sector is forced to use high amounts of fertilizers to produce more food while food prices are rising
The NPK treatment had a significant effect on grain yield, protein content, and starch content was significant at one percent (p < 0.01), and a significant effect on oil content at five percent (p < 0.05)
The consumption of sufficient nutrie about global food security over the 30 years is an important reminder that crop yields was appropriate according to the physiological characteristics of growth, and the dev must continue to increase over the three decades
Summary
With the increase in the global population, the agricultural sector is forced to use high amounts of fertilizers to produce more food while food prices are rising. These factors threaten global food security and a solution must be found. A more important issue than production is the optimal allocation and economic return of consumption inputs. Farmers continue to use a given input until the income from the consumption of each unit equals the cost of consuming it [5]. Yield prediction is an essential research topic for optimizing the use of different inputs, as it has an important point of reference for farm management during planning, agrotechnological intervention, and preharvest processes [6]. The relationship between yield and high inputs values (such as water and nitrogen fertilizer) follows the law of diminishing returns
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