Abstract
In recent years, producers of agricultural products have increased the use of chemical fertilizers per unit area. The goal of this research was to analyze the interaction of genotype in treatment (NPK fertilizer) on grain yield, protein content, oil content, and the starch content on 13 maize hybrids using analysis by the model of additive and multiplier effects AMMI and to evaluate genotypes, treatments, and their interactions using biplot in Hungary. Treatments include NPK0 (N: 0 kg/ha, P2O5:0 kg/ha, K2O: 0 kg/ha), NPK1 (N: 30 kg/ha, P2O5: 23 kg/ha, K2O: 27 kg/ha), NPK2 (N: 60 kg/ha, P2O5: 46 kg/ha, K2O: 54 kg/ha), NPK3 (N: 90 kg/ha, P2O5: 69 kg/ha, K2O: 81 kg/ha), NPK4 (N: 120 kg/ha, P2O5: 92 kg/ha, K2O: 108 kg/ha), NPK5 (N: 150 kg/ha, P2O5: 115 kg/ha, K2O: 135 kg/ha) in four replications based on complete randomized block design in 2019. The NPK fertilizer effects indicate that the fertilizers are different on yield genotype. AMMI analysis showed that there was a significant difference between genotypes, treatment, and the interaction effect of genotype * treatment at one percent. Besides, the maximum yield had Loupiac and NPK3 on grain yield, Loupiac and NPK2 on oil content, P0023, and NPK3 for starch content, DKC 3/ES4725 (DKC4725) and NPK3 for protein content. Also, GGE biplot analysis indicates that had maximum grain yield in Loupiac, protein content in P9978, oil content in MV Maronetta, and starch content in Sushi.
Highlights
There was a rapid increase in population in the world, the need to produce more agricultural products, including important and strategic products such as maize
13 maize hybrids were on six fertilizer treatment NPK0 (N: 0 kg/ha, P2O5:0 kg/ha, K2O:0 kg/ha), NPK1 (N: 30 kg/ha, P2O5: 23 kg/ha, K2O: 27 kg/ha), NPK2 (N: 60 kg/ha, P2O5: 46 kg/ha, K2O: 54 kg/ha), NPK3 (N: 90 kg/ha, P2O5: 69 kg/ha, K2O: 81 kg/ha), NPK4 (N: 120 kg/ ha, P2O5: 92 kg/ha, K2O: 108 kg/ha), NPK5 (N: 150 kg/ha, P2O5: 115 kg/ha, K 2O: 135 kg/ha) in four replications based on complete randomized block design (Table 1)
The variance analysis shows that the protein content, grain yield, starch, and oil content were significant in different treatments in the one percent
Summary
There was a rapid increase in population in the world, the need to produce more agricultural products, including important and strategic products such as maize. Maize has the highest variety of consumption, so that maize, in addition to being consumed as human food, The main purpose of a fertilization application is to provide desirable nutrients to the plant during the growing season so that the growth and yield of the plant do not decrease due to lack of food. In this regard, fertilizers have been developed with the aim of precise control of the release of nutrients, as the most advanced technology for providing mineral resources for plants, storing fertilizers, and reducing the environmental pollution (Wu and Liu 2008; Brady and Weil 1999). Plant growth and yield function depending on its genetic capacity and environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, energy radiation, soil structure and porosity, soil reaction, biological factors, nutrient supply (Koocheki and Khajehosseini 2008; Jakson 1967)
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