Abstract
To extract the 6.3 million tons of high-quality phosphate resources, a stability analysis and confidence level evaluation of backfill mining under high and steep rock slopes (HSRS) were conducted using the Slide software and a Monte Carlo simulation. The geological model of HSRS was constructed based on a geotechnical investigation. A series of laboratory tests were conducted to obtain the engineering parameters of the rock mass, and the mechanism of action of the backfill mining method was analyzed. After the stability analysis, the average safety factors of HSRS for normal operation are 1.575 (backfill method) and 1.509 (open-stope method), and for seismic conditions, they are 1.470 (backfill method) and 1.380 (open-stope method). According to the confidence level evaluation, the average failure probability of HSRS by using the backfill mining method is 0.0143. The results showed that using the backfill mining method under HSRS had better seismic stability and lower potential levels of destruction than using the traditional open-stope mining method. In addition, the backfill mining method can prevent the development of a circular failure surface, reduce the destructive effect of mining to a minimum, and maintain the lower failure probability of HSRS.
Highlights
Cemented tailings backfill technology, characterized by a mixture of binding material, tailings, and water, has been widely accepted as an environmentally friendly, economical, and effective tailings disposal option for the safe management of underground mining goafs and the removal of significant tailings pollution on the surface [1, 2]. e superiority of the backfill mining method over the traditional open-stope method is shown in Figure 1, and it comprises, for example, removal of goaf hazards and prevention of surface subsidence, reduction in tailings emissions and environmental protection, pillar replacement with backfills and effective resource recovery, reduction of deep ground temperature and weakening of rock burst, etc.e increasing demand for mineral resources has led to the gradual depletion of mined or abundant ore bodies
Most previous studies on mining slopes have focused on artificial slopes, such as the recovery of hanging-wall ore in open-pit mine slopes, and research in primary mining slopes is lacking. erefore, it is of great significance to comprehensively analyze the stability and evaluate the confidence level of backfill mining under primary high and steep rock slopes (HSRS)
The main methods of slope stability analysis include the limit equilibrium theory, the numerical analysis method, the stochastic analysis method, and the fuzzy analysis method [6, 7]. e numerical analysis method can be further classified into the finite-element method, the spectral element
Summary
Cemented tailings backfill technology, characterized by a mixture of binding material, tailings, and water, has been widely accepted as an environmentally friendly, economical, and effective tailings disposal option for the safe management of underground mining goafs and the removal of significant tailings pollution on the surface [1, 2]. e superiority of the backfill mining method over the traditional open-stope method is shown in Figure 1, and it comprises, for example, removal of goaf hazards and prevention of surface subsidence, reduction in tailings emissions and environmental protection, pillar replacement with backfills and effective resource recovery, reduction of deep ground temperature and weakening of rock burst, etc. E superiority of the backfill mining method over the traditional open-stope method is shown, and it comprises, for example, removal of goaf hazards and prevention of surface subsidence, reduction in tailings emissions and environmental protection, pillar replacement with backfills and effective resource recovery, reduction of deep ground temperature and weakening of rock burst, etc. Ore bodies with poor mining conditions are gradually being utilized and exploited Some of these are under high and steep rock slopes (HSRS), where mining activities may decrease the slope stability, causing landslides and threatening the safety of people and properties nearby. Due to the advantage of removing the underground goaf hazards and preventing surface subsidence, the backfill mining method is widely used in complicated mining conditions, for example, mining under bodies of water, railways or highways, and buildings [3,4,5] (Table 1).
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