Squeezed hexagonal highly birefringent photonic crystal fiber with low effective modal area

Abstract

A modified hexagonal index guiding photonic crystal fiber made of pure silica with high birefringence and a low effective modal area is proposed, and properties, including birefringence and effective modal area, are numerically analyzed using the multipole method. Numerical results show that high birefringence of 1.362×10−2 and a low effective modal area of 3.435μm2 are achieved at 1.55μm, simultaneously. Moreover, impacts of hole spacing and hole size on birefringence and effective modal area are also investigated in detail.