Abstract
The normal approach of a rubber sphere to a glass plate through thin separating films of different liquids has been studied by optical interference over a thickness range of 50 to 100 000 Å. The formation and collapse of liquid `bell' entrapments produced by the elastic indentation of the rubber surface is described, as is the role of repulsive electrical forces that can offer resistance to this collapse. Under certain conditions these forces are able to support the normal load so that after some time of squeezing an equilibrium film about 200 Å thick is reached.The thinning of a liquid film with time provides a measure of its viscosity. Measurements made upon water films (containing 0·3% soap) thinning from 2000 down to 200 Å showed that their effective viscosity over this whole range was constant and nearly the same as the bulk viscosity. This suggests that for our system no structure is induced into thin water films by the solid surface.
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