Abstract
A 10% emulsion of SBE (containing 35% stilbene glucosides) provided UV protection equal to half the efficiency of commercial SPF 15 sun lotions.
Highlights
To achieve a high extraction efficiency of stilbene glucosides from spruce bark, the effects of the solvent, temperature (45–75 °C), and time (5–60 min) were studied since the stilbene glucosides are sparingly soluble in water and thermally unstable
Fig. S4† shows the effects of the solvent and temperature on the gravimetric extract yield and the yield of stilbene glucosides in 20 min extraction time
According to a previous study, stilbene glucoside solutions are fairly stable below 60 °C, above which their stability decreases as the aglycones liberate and convert to other phenolic compounds.[31]
Summary
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation ( 290–400 nm) exposure plays a key role in the development of viral skin diseases. Such a state is partially caused by the depletion of the defence and immune systems of the skin.[1]. Most chemical sunscreen products are used to block UV rays before penetrating through the skin. The side-effects (toxicity and phototoxicity)[2,3] of some chemically derived UV filters have recently been reported as listed, for example, benzophenone derivatives are found to be cytotoxic in nature causing an apoptosis-inducing effect,[4] octyl methoxycinnamate is reported to decrease cell viability and increase the apoptosis against the neuroblastoma cell line,[5,6] and para-aminobenzoic acid can cause photoallergic reactions.[7].
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