Abstract
The present study was performed to spray-dry the high concentration of bioactive compounds from Euphorbia hirta L. extracts that have antidiabetic activity. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of four different extracts (crude extract, petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract and ethyl acetate extract) from the dried powder of Euphorbia hirta L. were determined using a spectrophotometer. After that, the fragment containing a high number of bioactive compounds underwent spray-dried microencapsulation to produce powder which had antidiabetic potential. The total phenolic content values of the crude extract, petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract and ethyl acetate extract were 194.55 ± 0.82, 51.85 ± 3.12, 81.56 ± 1.72 and 214.21 ± 2.53 mg/g extract, expressed as gallic acid equivalents. Crude extract, petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract and ethyl acetate extracts showed total flavonoids 40.56 ± 7.27, 29.49 ± 1.66, 64.99 ± 2.60 and 91.69 ± 1.67 mg/g extract, as rutin equivalents. Ethyl acetate extract was mixed with 20% maltodextrin in a ratio of 1:10 to spray-dry microencapsulation. The results revealed that the moisture content, bulk density, color characteristic, solubility and hygroscopicity of the samples were 4.9567 ± 0.00577%, 0.3715 ± 0.01286 g/mL, 3.7367 ± 0.1424 Hue, 95.83 ± 1.44% and 9.9890 ± 1.4538 g H2O/100 g, respectively. The spray powder was inhibited 51.19% α-amylase at 10 mg/mL and reduced 51% in fast blood glucose (FBG) after 4 h treatment. Furthermore, the administration of spray powder for 15 days significantly lowered the fast blood glucose level in streptozotocin-diabetic mice by 23.32%, whereas, acarbose—a standard antidiabetic drug—and distilled water reduced the fast blood glucose level by 30.87% and 16.89%. Our results show that obtained Euphorbia hirta L. powder has potential antidiabetic activity.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease and the result of metabolic disorders in pancreas β-cells that have hyperglycemia [1,2]
Hyperglycemia is caused by a deficiency of insulin production by pancreatic (Type 1 diabetes mellitus) or the insufficiency of insulin production in the face of insulin resistance (Type 2 diabetes mellitus) [2,3]
According to the ninth edition, in 2019, of the IDF Diabetes Atlas released by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), as of 2019, the total adult population living with diabetes in the age group of 20–79 years stands at 463 million, which is set to increase to 578 million
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease and the result of metabolic disorders in pancreas β-cells that have hyperglycemia [1,2]. Hyperglycemia is caused by a deficiency of insulin production by pancreatic (Type 1 diabetes mellitus) or the insufficiency of insulin production in the face of insulin resistance (Type 2 diabetes mellitus) [2,3]. Hyperglycemia causes damage to eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels [4]. The present treatment of diabetes mellitus is focused on controlling and lowering the blood glucose levels in the vessel to a normal level [6]. There are six main classes of modern medicines used across the world for controlling blood glucose levels and two classes of injections [7]
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