Abstract
This article reflects on the criticism regarding the pastoral counsellor’s dealings with spousal rape victims. It argues that counsellors should be sensitive not to be biased, either personally or theologically, and should have an understanding of the biopsychosocial (biological, psychological and social) impact of spousal rape, such as rape-related post-traumatic stress and other related illnesses such as depression, victimisation and stigmatisation. The pastoral counsellors should be aware of the legal and medical ramifications of spousal rape and have knowledge of the correct referral resources and procedures (trusted professionals, shelters and support structures). They should be self-aware and understand the effect that gender or previous traumatic personal experiences may have on their reactions. The article consists of the following sections: the phenomenon ‘rape’; acquaintance rape; spousal rape; post-traumatic stress; post-traumatic stress disorder; rape trauma syndrome; cognitive behavioural therapy; spirituality; doctrinal matters; social system of patriarchy; a pastoral counselling model; self-care.
Highlights
Recent crime statistics indicate that there is still a high incidence of rape reported in South Africa
The latest statistics (April 2011 – March 2012) from the South African Police Services (2012:1) indicate that 64 514 cases of sexual assault were reported during this time period
This study considers the previous definitions to be lacking and holds to the definition of the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act, 2007: ‘Any person (A) who unlawfully and intentionally commits an act of sexual penetration with a complainant (B), without the consent of B, is guilty of the offence of rape’ (South Africa Government 2007:20)
Summary
This is a vital aspect, in terms of the manner in which pastoral counsellors should attend to spousal rape victims who are believers and whose faith has more often than not been negatively affected by their traumatic experiences. For a spousal rape victim, this could be an approach to a pastoral counsellor or anyone else for http://www.hts.org.za assistance.
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