Abstract
BackgroundDuration perception is an essential part of our cognitive and behavioral system, helping us interact with the outside world. An integrated model of timing, which states that the perceived duration of a given stimulus is based on the efficiency of information extraction, was recently set forth to improve current understanding of the representation and judgment of time. However, the prediction from this model that more efficient information extraction results in longer perceived duration has not been tested. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate whether sports experts, as a group of individuals with information extraction superiority in situations relevant to their sport skill, have longer duration perceptions when they view expertise-related stimuli compared with others with no expertise/experience.MethodsFor this study, 81 subjects were recruited based on a prior power analysis. The sports experts group had 27 athletes with years of professional training in diving; a wrestler group and a nonathlete group, with each of these groups having 27 subjects, were used as controls. All participants completed a classic duration reproduction task for subsecond and suprasecond durations with both the diving images and general images involved.ResultsThe divers reproduced longer durations for diving stimuli compared with general stimuli under both subsecond and suprasecond time ranges, while the other samples showed the opposite pattern. Furthermore, the years of training in diving were positively correlated with the magnitude of the prolonged reproduction duration when divers viewed diving stimuli. Moreover, the diver group showed a more precise duration perception in subsecond time range for general stimuli compared with the wrestlers and nonathletes.ConclusionThe results suggest that sports experts perceive longer duration when viewing expertise-related stimuli compared with others with no expertise/experience.
Highlights
The experience of time is fundamental for how we make sense of the world
The two-way repeated-measures ANOVA demonstrated a main effect of group in terms of the reproduction duration difference (RDD), F (2, 77) = 4.066, p = 0.021, partial η2 = 0.096, and BF10 = 1.428
The results showed that compared with the other two groups, the divers had large RDD values in both subsecond and suprasecond time ranges (Fig. 6E)
Summary
The experience of time is fundamental for how we make sense of the world. Duration perception, a component of time perception, is a ‘‘basic unit of ability’’ on which other cognitive and behavioral functions are based (Allman & Meck, 2012; Buhusi & Meck, 2005; Mauk & Buonomano, 2004). Sports experts, as a group with efficient information extraction in expertise-related tasks owing to their well-researched cognitive advantage (Ericsson & Kintsch, 1995; Ericsson & Lehmann, 1996; Feng et al, 2017; He et al, 2018; Wei & Luo, 2010; Yarrow, Brown & Krakauer, 2009), should perceive a longer duration than people who lack such expertise when they view an expertise-related stimulus. This prediction has not yet been tested. The results suggest that sports experts perceive longer duration when viewing expertise-related stimuli compared with others with no expertise/experience
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