Sporopollenin supported methylimidazolium ionic liquids based mixed matrix membrane for dispersive membrane micro-extraction of nitro and chloro-substituted phenols from various matrices

Abstract

The focal point of this study is on the development of sporopollenin supported methylimidazolium ionic liquids (Sp-MIM) based mixed matrix membrane (Sp-MIM-MMM) for simultaneous dispersive membrane microextraction (DMME) of nitro- and chloro-substituted phenols from various matrixes followed by determination using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The Sp-MIM particle phase was incorporated through dispersion onto cellulose triacetate polymer matrix to form Sp-MIM-MMM. Several main variables influencing the Sp-MIM-MMM based DMME efficiency were investigated and optimized in detail, such as polymer phase mass, particle phase loading, number of Sp-MIM-MMM spheres per extraction, solution pH, extraction time, extraction volume, type of desorption solvent, desorption solvent volume, and desorption time. Method validation recorded notable repeatability and reproducibility performance with observed linearity 50–500 ng/mL, the calculated linear regression (R2) was 0.9994–0.9997, relative standard deviation (RSD) was 0.2–0.8%, the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.03–0.06 ng/mL, the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.11–0.19 ng/mL while the recovery was 99–119% for all phenol analytes analyzed. Targeted selectivity and sensitivity of the Sp-MIM-MMM towards the phenol analytes were evident in the various sample matrix tested with quantified detection calculated at 14.4–154.7 ng/mL for liquid based-real samples and 17.4–34.4 μg/kg for solid based-real samples. Sp-MIM-MMM too exhibited noteworthy reusability up to 10 cycles, signifying a new venture towards environmentally sustainable technology.