Spontaneous Order of art Functioning in the Art Market in the Second Half of the 20th and Early 21st centurie

Abstract

The art market as a value-semantic space of art actualization is studied, the defining principles of which are considered through the prism of the theory of spontaneous order. This concept was proposed by Nobel Laureate in Economics Friedrich Hayek in the context of the potential of the market system development. It significantly influenced works of art presentation and circulation in the second half of the 20th and early 21st centuries. The author has introduced the basic concept of the philosophy of economics for culturological research concerning the art market. Ukrainian and foreign scientific review and analytical articles are used as sources. They contribute to a new understanding of the essence of contemporary art and art in general. The concept of spontaneous art is considered on the basis of research made by Paul Cantor and Stephen Cox, as well as scientific research by Troy Camplin. The art market was analyzed as a space for the circulation of ideas and meanings and the functioning of art to fulfill the interests of many objects (art galleries, art fairs, biennials, artists, experts, collectors, art dealers). The reason for the growing role of the art market in the 20th and 21st centuries was found, which is due to the peculiarities of contemporary art and the need for a new space for its operation. The modern art market corresponds to the idea of spontaneous order both in organizational conditions and in the nature of contemporary art. Thus, there was a need for a gradual reorientation from the conscious in which creative activity was regulated through the guilds, art academies, official galleries, to a spontaneous order. The potential of application of the concept of spontaneous order in the context of studying the art market as a valuesemantic space is substantiated. This approach allows a new interpretation of the art market, which is considered in Ukrainian science in the context of economics (for example, pricing), primarily taking into account the meanings and values that arise during the actualization of art due to the possibilities of the art market. Therefore, some purposes of the modern art market are to demonstrate, to discuss and to give the meaning to works of art. It is proved that these processes are currently carried out without intervention and centralized regulation (as it would be within the concept of conscious order), because one of the basis of the art market can be considered as a spontaneous order, which is a significant power of market potential and in a certain way corresponds to the nature of art. This is what denies any deliberate interference.