Abstract
A simple method has been developed for the spontaneous deposition of Prussian blue (PB) particles from a solution containing only ferricyanide ions onto conducting substrates such as indium tin oxide glass, glassy carbon disk and carbon nanotube (CNT) materials. Formation of PB deposits was confirmed by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrometry and electrochemical techniques. The surface morphology of the PB particles deposited on the substrates was examined by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. CNT/PB composite modified glassy carbon electrodes exhibited an electrocatalytic property for hydrogen peroxide reduction. These modified electrodes exhibited a high sensitivity for electrocatalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide at −0.05 V (vs. Ag|AgCl), probably due to the synergistic effect of CNT with PB. Then, CNT/PB modified electrodes were further developed as amperometric glucose biosensors. These biosensors offered a linear response to glucose concentration from 0.1 to 0.9 mM with good selectivity, high sensitivity of 0.102 A M−1 cm−2 and short response time (within 2 s) at a negative operation potential of −0.05 V (vs. Ag|AgCl). The detection limit was estimated to be 0.01 mM at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.
Highlights
Prussian blue (potassium iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II)) and its analogues form an important class of insoluble mixed valence compounds [1,2,3]
Many literature reports demonstrated that carbon nanotube (CNT) modified electrodes offered electrocatalytic effects to biomolecules such as dopamine (DA) [32,33], β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) [34,35], glucose [36,37] and H2O2 [38] based on the ability of CNT to improve electron transfer rates of enzymes and other biomolecules
A glassy carbon electrode modified with the CNT/Prussian blue (PB) material (GC/CNT/PB) showed better electrocatalytic behavior for the reduction of H2O2 compared to electrodes incorporated with either PB or CNT alone, indicating a synergistic effect when both PB and CNT were present
Summary
Prussian blue (potassium iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II)) and its analogues form an important class of insoluble mixed valence compounds [1,2,3]. Many literature reports demonstrated that CNT modified electrodes offered electrocatalytic effects to biomolecules such as dopamine (DA) [32,33], β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) [34,35], glucose [36,37] and H2O2 [38] based on the ability of CNT to improve electron transfer rates of enzymes and other biomolecules. Preparation of the CNT/PB composite usually employed direct reaction/interaction between ferric species and ferricyanide ions [2,19] through chemical or electrochemical methods, followed by mixing with or deposition on CNT materials. A glassy carbon electrode modified with the CNT/PB material (GC/CNT/PB) showed better electrocatalytic behavior for the reduction of H2O2 compared to electrodes incorporated with either PB or CNT alone, indicating a synergistic effect when both PB and CNT were present. The performance of the resulting GC/CNT/PB/PPD-GOD electrode for glucose detection has been evaluated
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