Spontaneous anode-molecule interface triggers highly reversible zinc anode

Abstract

Uncontrolled dendrite growth and side reactions pose obstacles to the practical implementation of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). Here, a cost-effective trace additive, benzohydroxamic acid (BHA), is introduced into a 2.0 M ZnSO4 electrolyte to form a spontaneous anode-molecule interface. Notably, the BHA molecule has strong interactions with Zn2+ ions and can absorb on the anode surface, promoting dynamic transmission and deposition and displaying a role in suppressing side reactions. The impressive cycling stability of the Zn||Zn symmetric cell exceeds 1,400 h at 5.0 mA cm−2 and 5.0 mAh cm−2, achieved by incorporating a trace BHA additive. Furthermore, it endures over 600 h, even at a relatively high depth of discharge (DOD) of 62.6 %. Additionally, under practical conditions (N/P = 3.83), the assembled Zn||I2/AC full cell with BHA additives displays stable cycling for 800 cycles at 2.0 A g−1. This innovative strategy provides a cost-effective approach for achieving AZIBs with an extended lifespan.