Abstract
There is no report of diversity, biological properties and bioactive compounds of sponge-associated fungi from Indonesia’s mangrove ecosystem to date. This study was designed to isolate sponge-associated fungi from a mangrove ecosystem in Mangkang, to screen the antimicrobial and extracellular enzyme properties of the isolates, characterize the biologically promising isolates using molecular approaches, and profile the secondary metabolites using phytochemical and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analyses. An unidentified sponge that lived in association with mangrove roots was collected from Mangkang. Total of eight associated fungi were isolated from the sponge. Among all isolates, only two fungi SPMKF 1 and SPMKF 6 produced extracellular amylase, another two fungi SPMKF 4 and 5 showed antibacterial activity against MRSA, and only one fungus SPMKF 8 was able to produce extracellular amylase and show antimicrobial activity against ESBL E. coli, Salmonella enterica ser. Typhi strain MDR and C. albicans, while SPMKF 2, SPMKF 3 and SPMKF 9 did not show any biological properties. The result of genetic characterization proved that SPMKF 1 was Cladosporium tenuissimum, SPMKF 4 was Eutypella sp., SPMKF 5 was Lasiodiplodia theobromae, SPMKF 6 was Fusarium keratoplasticum and SPMKF 8 was F. solani. Furthermore, an amylase gene was detected in fungi SPMKF 1, 6 and 8 while among the BGC, only NRPS genes were detected in SPMKF 4, 5 and 8. Interestingly, several same metabolites indicating the same retention factor (Rf) values in TLC were detected in the fungal crude extracts by TLC.
Highlights
Since the discovery of penicillin from fungi, substantial amounts of studies were devoted to the fungal bioactive compounds
An amylase gene was detected in fungi SPMKF 1, 6 and 8 while among the biological gene cluster (BGC), only non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) genes were detected in SPMKF 4, 5 and 8
Several same metabolites indicating the same retention factor (Rf) values in thin-layer chromatography (TLC) were detected in the fungal crude extracts by TLC
Summary
Since the discovery of penicillin from fungi, substantial amounts of studies were devoted to the fungal bioactive compounds. Exploration of fungal metabolites is significantly increased after the scientists figured out that marine fungi, especially sponge-associated fungi, produce structurally unique bioactive compounds (Hasan et al 2015; Imhoff 2016). This fungal group produced certain potential bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical application such as citreorosein (anti-obesity activity, IC50 = 0.17 lM), truncateol M (antiviral activity, IC50 = 8.8 lM), misszrtine A (cytotoxic, IC50 = 3.1 lM), and aspergillusene A (antibacterial activity, MIC = 4.3 lM) (Wang et al 2014; Zhao et al 2015; Noinart et al 2017; Zhou et al 2018). It would be interesting to study such enzyme activity
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
