Spirometric Variables Recorded after Lobeline Administration in Healthy Friesian and Belgian White and Blue Calves: Normal Values and Effects of Somatic Growth

Abstract

The purposes of the present study were: (1) to develop original equations to predict spirometric variables (SV) in healthy Friesian and Belgian White and Blue (BWB) calves < 1 year of age; and (2) to determine the effects of somatic growth on SV. Sixty-seven Friesian and 500 BWB calves were investigated. For each calf, the following SV were calculated: (1) the average minute volume derived using all the ventilatory cycles recorded during the 15 s of maximal ventilatory changes induced by lobeline administration (0.25 mg/kg, i.v.) (15-s LMV); (2) the maximal tidal volume, the maximal peak expiratory flow and the maximal peak inspiratory flow recorded from single breaths after lobeline administration (MVTL, MPEFLand MPIFL, respectively); (3) the ventilatory reserve (VRL= 15-s LMV – VEr; VEr= minute volume at rest). Mass specific (s) values were also calculated. All SV changed linearly with somatic growth in both Friesian and BWB calves. Since the rise in SV was more related to body weight than the age of calves, equations for reference values of SV always had body weight as the only independent variable. In the youngest calves,sSV were lower in the BWB breed. In the oldest calves (i.e. 1 year of age),sMPEFLandsMPIFLremained small in BWB calves whereassMVTL,s15-s LMV andsVRLwere almost equal in both breeds. These results could be related to the lower resistance to respiratory disorders in BWB calves < 1 year of age than in Friesian calves < 1 year of age.