Abstract
A new type of a spiral wave is presented in this paper. It is shown that spiral waves of divergence can be generated by the discrete Barkley model when all scalar nodal variables are replaced by two-dimensional nilpotent matrices of variables. However, spiral waves of divergence do not exist if scalar nodal variables of the Barkley model are replaced by idempotent matrices instead. Computational experiments demonstrate that spiral waves diverge along the centerline of the rotating bands, starting from the tip of the spiral wave – but the numerical values of the field stay bounded around zero in the regions between the rotating bands. Spiral waves of divergence are classified into five different classes according to their transient behavior. The formation of transient anti-phase clusters and Wada boundaries of five different types of spiral waves in the parameter plane of the Barkley model are examined in detail. Potential applications of spiral waves of divergence in hiding secret digital images are also discussed.
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