Spinocerebellar ataxia type 15 caused by missense variants in the ITPR1 gene.

Abstract

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 15 (SCA15) is a degenerative, adult-onset autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, caused almost exclusively by deletions in the inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate (ITP) receptor type 1 (ITPR1) gene (ITPR1). ITPR1 mediates calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum, and particularly abounds in Purkinje cells. It plays a pivotal role in excitatory and inhibitory actions on Purkinje cells, and alterations in their balance cause cerebellar dysfunction in ITPR1 knock-out mice. To date, only two single missense mutations have been reported to cause SCA15. They were considered pathogenic because co-segregation occurred with disease, and haploinsufficiency was hypothesized as their pathogenic mechanism. In this study, three Caucasian kindreds with different heterozygous missense variants in ITPR1 are reported. The main clinical manifestation was a slowly progressive gait ataxia with onset after 40 years of age, with chorea in two patients and hand tremor in another one, concordant with manifestations found in SCA15. The three missense variants were identified in ITPR1 were: c.1594G>A; p.(Ala532Thr) in kindred A, c.56C>T; p.(Ala19Val) in kindred B, and c.256G>A; p.(Ala86Thr) in kindred C. Every variant was labelled as of unknown significance; however, each one co-segregated with disease and was predicted to be pathogenic by in silico tests. The three ITPR1 missense variants found in this study exhibited co-segregation with disease, a result that sustains their pathogenicity. Further studies are needed to confirm the role of missense mutations in SCA 15.