Spinal motoneurones are intrinsically more responsive in the adult G93A SOD1mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Abstract

Although in vitro recordings using neonatal preparations from mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) suggest increased motoneurone excitability, in vivo recordings in adult ALS mouse models have been conflicting. In adult G93A SOD1models, spinal motoneurones have previously been shown to have deficits in repetitive firing, in contrast to the G127X SOD1mouse model. Our in vivo intracellular recordings in barbiturate-anaesthetized adult male G93A SOD1mice reveal that the incidence of failure to fire with current injection was equally low in control and ALS mice (∼2%). We show that failure to fire repetitively can be a consequence of experimental protocol and should not be used alone to classify otherwise normal motoneurones as hypo-excitable. Motoneurones in the G93A SOD1mice showed an increased response to inputs, with lower rheobase, higher input-output gains and increased activation of persistent inward currents. In vitro studies from transgenic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis models have suggested an increased excitability of spinal motoneurones. However, in vivo intracellular recordings from adult amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice models have produced conflicting findings. Previous investigations using barbiturate anaesthetized G93A SOD1mice have suggested that some motoneurones are hypo-excitable, defined by deficits in repetitive firing. Our own previous recordings in G127X SOD1mice using different anaesthesia, however, showed no repetitive firing deficits and increased persistent inward currents at symptom onset. These discrepancies may be a result of differences between models, symptomatic stage, anaesthesia or technical differences. To investigate this, we repeated our original experiments, but in adult male G93A SOD1mice, at both presymptomatic and symptomatic stages, under barbiturate anaesthesia. In vivo intracellular recordings from antidromically identified spinal motoneurones revealed that the incidence of failure to fire with current injection was equally low in control and G93A SOD1mice (∼2%). Motoneurones in G93A SOD1mice fired significantly more spontaneous action potentials. Rheobase was significantly lower and the input resistance and input-output gain were significantly higher in both presymptomatic and symptomatic G93A SOD1mice. This was despite a significant increase in the duration of the post-spike after-hyperpolarization in both presymptomatic and symptomatic G93A SOD1mice. Finally, evidence of increased activation of persistent inward currents was seen in both presymptomatic and symptomatic G93A SOD1mice. Our results do not confirm previous reports of hypo-excitability of spinal motoneurones in the G93A SOD1mouse and demonstrate that the motoneurones show an increased response to inputs.